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Ecological factors promoting biodiversity in Lakes BBTM

促进湖泊 BBTM 生物多样性的生态因素

基本信息

批准号：
07044194
负责人：
YUMA Masahide
金额：
$ 11.78万
依托单位：
KYOTO UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for international Scientific Research
财政年份：
1995
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1995 至 1996
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-07044194/
关键词：
Lake Biwa Lake Baikal Lake Tanganyika Lake Malawi Biological community Biodiversity Network of interspecific relationship

项目摘要

Lakes Biwa, Baikal, Tanganyika and Malawi are unique freshwater environments with rich endemic species, respectively. Among these lakes, various kinds of cooperative relationship between species are known from Lake Tanganyika, which might promote to maintain a high biodiversity in a habitat, and such interspecific relationship is plausible in other ancient lakes with a high biodiversity. To ascertain this hypothesis, field observations in Lakes Baikal, Tanganyika and Malawi were conducted.In Lake Tanganyika, more and more various cooperative interspecific relationships among cichlid fishes have been found, especially to avoid the harm from scale-eating fishes and piscivorous fishes. Lake Malawi holds a rich cichlid fauna as well as Lake Tanganyika, and the fish communities of these two lakes are similar in their functional composition. In Lake Malawi, however, the fishes seem to show weak interspecific relationship especially in the views of cooperative foraging and cooperative defense against piscivores and fin-biters.In Lakes Baikal and Biwa, the fish communities are more simple without notable cooperative interspecific relationship. Therefore the biodiversity in fish communities in latter two lakes are, probably, maintained mainly by the interspecific relationship of resource partitioning. In contrast, the biodiversity in fish community in Lake Tanganyika is maintained not only by resource partitioning among species but also by various kinds of cooperative interspecific relationship. The case of Lake Malawi is unclear in this view point, and more detailed survey in Lake Malawi is necessarry to develope the comparative study of biodiversities in ancient lakes.

比瓦湖、贝加尔湖、坦噶尼喀湖和马拉维湖分别是独特的淡水环境，具有丰富的特有物种。在这些湖泊中，坦噶尼喀湖发现了各种物种之间的合作关系，这可能会促进栖息地保持较高的生物多样性，这种种间关系在其他生物多样性较高的古代湖泊中也是可行的。为了证实这一假设，在贝加尔湖、坦噶尼喀湖和马拉维进行了野外观察。在坦噶尼喀湖，发现了越来越多的慈鱼之间的各种合作关系，特别是为了避免鳞食性鱼类和食鱼性鱼类的危害。马拉维湖和坦噶尼喀湖都有丰富的慈鱼动物群，这两个湖的鱼类群落在功能组成上相似。然而，在马拉维湖，鱼类似乎表现出较弱的种间关系，特别是在合作觅食和合作防御鱼食性动物和咬鳍动物的观点上。在贝加尔湖和比瓦湖，鱼类群落更简单，没有显著的种间合作关系。因此，后两个湖泊鱼类群落的生物多样性可能主要是由资源分配的种间关系维持的。相比之下，坦噶尼喀湖鱼类群落的生物多样性不仅通过物种间的资源分配来维持，而且通过各种种类间的合作关系来维持。从这一观点来看，马拉维湖的情况尚不清楚，有必要对马拉维湖进行更详细的调查，以开展对古代湖泊生物多样性的比较研究。