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The role of the autonomic nervous system and its evaluating methods in the vertebrate

脊椎动物自主神经系统的作用及其评价方法

基本信息

批准号：
07306025
负责人：
SUGANO Shigeru
金额：
$ 3.33万
依托单位：
The University of Tokyo
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)
财政年份：
1995
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1995 至 1996
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

The purpose of this research project is to eatablish the evaluation methods of the autonomic nervous function through investigating the properties of heart rate and blood pressure variabilities, digestive functions and morphological characteristics in various animal species including rats, voles, guinea pigs, sheeps, miniature pigs, horses and ducks. The heart rate in all mammals showed a clear diurnal rhythm and the power spectrum of heart rate variability revealed two major peaks which were consisted of high frequency (HF) and low frequency (LF) components. The HF and LW reflected the parasympathetic and both the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous tones, respectively. The HF power increased and LF/HF decreased at rest or light period in many nocturnal animals. However, the LF/HF remained unchanged throughout the experimental period in Thoroughbred horses of which autonomic nervous tone was to a great extent dominant in the parasympathetic. The tremendously augmented sympathetic … More nervous tone was recognized during ejaculation in male rats of which heart rates immediately elevated when the males were together with esterous female rats but not when they were with non-esterous femals. The increased heart rate rapidly recovered, within 2 min, after the ejaculation. These findings suggest the important role of sympathetic nervous system on the performance of such sexual behavior. The amylase secretion from the pancreas is regulated by the parasympathetic tone in many mammals including guinea pigs, rats and voles. Such secretion was accerelated by propionic acid which was produced by fermentation in the digestive organs of guinea pigs and voles, but not affected in rats. These studies suggest the presence of species difference in regulation mechanisms of digestive function via the autonomic nervous system, which are closely related to their food intakes. The morphological studies on the innervation of the heart in ducks demonstrated the major sympathetic innervation, and the studies on the innervation of stomach in voles also clarified the characteristics of the central origin.In conclusion, the autonomic nervous systems in mammals and birds have much variation in terms of functions and structures that are closely related to their life styles, i. e., food intake, nocturnal or diurnal acitivity, reproductive behaviors and other environments, and therefore have a beneficial strategy for adaptation to enviromerntal alterations by means of their reasonable energy product and consumption. Less

本研究旨在通过对大鼠、田鼠、豚鼠、绵羊、小型猪、马、鸭等动物心率、血压变异性、消化功能及形态学特征的研究，建立自主神经功能的评价方法。所有哺乳动物的心率均表现出明显的昼夜节律，心率变异性的功率谱显示出两个主要的峰，分别由高频（HF）和低频（LF）成分组成。HF和LW分别反映了副交感神经和交感神经和副交感神经的紧张程度。许多夜行动物在安静或光照时HF功率增加，LF/HF降低。然而，LF/HF保持不变，在整个实验期间，在纯种马的自主神经紧张在很大程度上占主导地位的副交感神经。极大增强的同情心 ...更多信息在雄性大鼠的射精过程中识别出神经紧张，当雄性大鼠与发情雌性大鼠在一起时，其心率立即升高，但当它们与非发情雌性大鼠在一起时，心率不升高。在射精后2分钟内，增加的心率迅速恢复。这些发现表明交感神经系统在这种性行为的表现中起着重要作用。在包括豚鼠、大鼠和田鼠在内的许多哺乳动物中，胰腺的淀粉酶分泌受副交感神经张力调节。豚鼠和田鼠消化器官中发酵产生的丙酸可加速这种分泌，而大鼠则不受影响。这些研究表明，通过自主神经系统调节消化功能的机制存在种属差异，这与它们的摄食量密切相关。鸭心脏的神经支配以交感神经支配为主，田鼠胃的神经支配也阐明了中枢起源的特点，哺乳动物和鸟类的自主神经系统在功能和结构上存在很大的差异，并与它们的生活方式密切相关，即：（1）植物神经系统的功能和结构与它们的生活方式密切相关。例如，摄食、昼夜活动、生殖行为及其它环境，因此，它们具有通过合理的能量生产和消耗来适应环境变化的有利策略。少