The role of the autonomic nervous system and its evaluating methods in the vertebrate

本课题旨在通过对大鼠、田鼠、豚鼠、羊、微型猪、马、鸭等动物的心率、血压变异性、消化功能和形态特征的研究，建立自主神经功能的评价方法。所有哺乳动物的心率均表现出明显的昼夜节律，心率变异性功率谱呈现出由高频（HF）和低频（LF）组成的两个主要峰。HF和LW分别反映了副交感神经张力和交感神经张力和副交感神经张力。许多夜行动物在休息或光照时HF功率升高，LF/HF降低。然而，在整个实验期间，纯种马的LF/HF保持不变，在副交感神经中自主神经张力在很大程度上占优势。在雄性大鼠的射精过程中，更多的紧张情绪被识别出来，当雄性大鼠与雌激素分泌的雌性大鼠在一起时，它们的心率会立即升高，而与非雌激素分泌的雌性大鼠在一起时则不会。在射精后2分钟内，增加的心率迅速恢复。这些发现表明交感神经系统在性行为中的重要作用。包括豚鼠、大鼠和田鼠在内的许多哺乳动物胰腺的淀粉酶分泌受副交感神经张力调节。在豚鼠和田鼠的消化器官中发酵产生的丙酸能促进这种分泌，但对大鼠没有影响。这些研究表明，植物通过自主神经系统调节消化功能的机制存在物种差异，这与它们的食物摄入量密切相关。对鸭心脏神经支配的形态学研究表明主要是交感神经支配，对田鼠胃神经支配的研究也阐明了中心起源的特点。综上所述，哺乳动物和鸟类的自主神经系统在功能和结构上有很大的差异，这些差异与它们的生活方式，即食物摄入、夜间或白天活动、生殖行为等环境密切相关，因此它们通过合理的能量产生和消耗来适应环境的变化。少

The purpose of this research project is to eatablish the evaluation methods of the autonomic nervous function through investigating the properties of heart rate and blood pressure variabilities, digestive functions and morphological characteristics in various animal species including rats, voles, guinea pigs, sheeps, miniature pigs, horses and ducks. The heart rate in all mammals showed a clear diurnal rhythm and the power spectrum of heart rate variability revealed two major peaks which were consisted of high frequency (HF) and low frequency (LF) components. The HF and LW reflected the parasympathetic and both the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous tones, respectively. The HF power increased and LF/HF decreased at rest or light period in many nocturnal animals. However, the LF/HF remained unchanged throughout the experimental period in Thoroughbred horses of which autonomic nervous tone was to a great extent dominant in the parasympathetic. The tremendously augmented sympathetic … More nervous tone was recognized during ejaculation in male rats of which heart rates immediately elevated when the males were together with esterous female rats but not when they were with non-esterous femals. The increased heart rate rapidly recovered, within 2 min, after the ejaculation. These findings suggest the important role of sympathetic nervous system on the performance of such sexual behavior. The amylase secretion from the pancreas is regulated by the parasympathetic tone in many mammals including guinea pigs, rats and voles. Such secretion was accerelated by propionic acid which was produced by fermentation in the digestive organs of guinea pigs and voles, but not affected in rats. These studies suggest the presence of species difference in regulation mechanisms of digestive function via the autonomic nervous system, which are closely related to their food intakes. The morphological studies on the innervation of the heart in ducks demonstrated the major sympathetic innervation, and the studies on the innervation of stomach in voles also clarified the characteristics of the central origin.In conclusion, the autonomic nervous systems in mammals and birds have much variation in terms of functions and structures that are closely related to their life styles, i. e., food intake, nocturnal or diurnal acitivity, reproductive behaviors and other environments, and therefore have a beneficial strategy for adaptation to enviromerntal alterations by means of their reasonable energy product and consumption. Less