Physiological Studies on the Functional Alteration During Growth of Domestic Animals with Special Reference to Environments.

1.比较了怀孕和未怀孕的马在视觉刺激下的行为和自主神经张力的变化。在柴巴山羊身上也进行了类似的实验。怀孕的动物的行为反应比未怀孕的动物更紧张或更令人担忧。对心率和心电图波形(T波)的分析表明，与未怀孕的动物相比，怀孕动物的交感神经张力占主导地位。在老鼠和猪的整个生长期中，追踪了在有和没有自主神经阻断的情况下心率的变化。大鼠副交感神经张力在2周龄时较低，2~4周龄时升高，而仔猪2周龄时副交感神经张力最高。在仔猪中，交感神经和副交感神经的净自主神经音调的总和在整个实验期间一直保持在交感神经一侧。对2~12周龄仔猪自主神经阻断前后的心血管功能(心率、股动脉压、左、右室内压、左室内dp/dt、主动脉流量和每搏量)进行了研究。仔猪生长过程中内在心血管功能除每搏输出量外，其余参数均受交感神经调节，可能是通过Frank-Starling机制而不是自主神经系统自主调节的。根据对猪和柴巴山羊以往的生长记录的分析，以及对大鼠的实验，发现生长与产仔数、仔猪性别构成或分娩经历之间存在明显的关系。

1. Alterations of behaviors and autonomic nervous tone in response to visual stimulus with a silhouette of a real size of horse were compared between pregnant and non-pregnant horses. The similar experiment was performed in Shiba-goats. The behavioral reaction was characterized as more nervous or alarming in pregnant animals than in non-pregnant animals. Analysis of heart rate and wave form (T-wave) of electrocardiogram suggested the prevailing sympathetic nervous tone in pregnant animals as compared with non-pregnant animals.2. Alterations of the heart rate with and without autonomic blockade were traced through the growing period in rats and pigs. The parasympathetic tone of rats was low at 2 weeks of age and became higher during 2 to 4 weeks, whereas that of piglets at 2 weeks of age was highest at 2 weeks of age. In piglets, the net autonomic tone, expressed as a sum of the sympathetic and the parasympathetic tones, was maintained at the sympathetic side through the experimental period.3. Cardiovascular functions (heart rate, femoral arterial pressure, right and left intraventricular pressure, left intraventricular dP/dt, aortic flow and stroke volume) before and after autonomic blockade were studied in piglets between 2 and 12 weeks of age. The intrinsic cardiovascular function of piglets during the growth process was regulated sympathetically in all the parameters except for stroke volume, which might be regulated autonomically through the Frank-Starling mechanism rather than autonomic nervous system.4. The clear relationship was recognized between the growth and the litter size, sex constitution of sucklings or experience of parturition, based upon the analysis of past records on growth in pigs and Shiba-goats, and also experiments with rats.