Degradaition of Detergents and Dyes in Environment

利用多摩河水进行了河流死亡试验，观察了肥皂和LAS混合物的生物降解行为。在立种皂液快速降解后培养基中D0降低的情况下，由于D0的降低，LAS的初级生物降解较慢。含AE和APE的家用洗涤剂的生物降解性优于含LAS的家用洗涤剂。采用河流死亡试验模拟了阴离子表面活性剂的生物降解。生物降解率的大小为LAS<AOS<AES<AS。在表面活性剂浓度为5 ~ 100ppm时，表面活性剂的生物降解量随浓度的增加而增加。LAS的光降解随辐照时间的延长而增加。照射7hr后，紫外光和太阳照射下LAS的分解率分别为97%和53%。c.i FB71的初始光异构表观反应速率大于c.i FB351，但FB351光分解为无机物的速度比FB71快。利用化学分析方法鉴定了一种易生物降解的FB351光降解产物。采用土壤灌注法研究了铜酞菁染料（CP）的生物降解情况，根据菌体形态特征，鉴定出一种降解CP的真菌为疣状芽孢杆菌（Myrothecium Verrucaria）。偶氮染料的分解特性与染料的结构密切相关，辐照能促进蒽醌类染料在NO_2水溶液中的分解。以无氯法对印染废水进行双氧水脱色效果较好，在较温和的条件下（pH8-9）发现了过氧化氢催化的酶（过氧化物酶）脱色反应。

The biodegradation behavior of mixtures of soap and LAS was observed with river die-away tests using Tama river water.On the standing cultivation soap rapidly degraded followed by a decrease of D0 in the medium, the primary biodegradation of LAS was slower because of a lowering of the D0.Household detergents contained AE and APE were better than that contained LAS on the biodegadability.The biodegradation of anionic surfactants was simulated by river die-away tests using water of the Yodo river.The order of the biodegradation rate was LAS<AOS<AES<AS.At surfactant concentrations of 5-100ppm, the biodegradated amount of the surfactant increased with increasing concentration.The photodegradation of LAS increases with irradiation time. After 7hr of irradiation, decomposition rates of LAS by UV light and a solar exposure are 97% and 53%, respectively.The apparent reaction rate of initial photoisomerization of C.I.FB71 was larger than that of C.I.FB351, however FB351 photodecomposed into inorganic substances faster than FB71.One of photodegraded products from FB351 that was easily biodegraded was identified by chemical analysis methods.Biodegradation of copper phthalocyanine dye (CP) was examined by using the soil perfusion method, and a fungus that degradated CP was identified to be Myrothecium Verrucaria according to the characteristic morphology of its phyalides.Decomposition characteristics of azoic dyes were closely related to the structures of the dyes, and decomposition of anthraquinone dyes in aqueous solutions of NO_2 was enhanced by irradiation.Decoloration of dying drainage by hydrogen peroxide is effective as non-chlorine method, then it is found an enzyme (peroxidaze) catalyzed decoloration reaction by hydrogen peroxide under mild condition (pH8-9).