Degradaition of Detergents and Dyes in Environment

以多摩河水为材料，采用河流消亡试验观察了肥皂和LAS混合物的生物降解行为，在静置培养条件下，肥皂迅速降解，随后介质中D 0降低，阴离子表面活性剂的生物降解过程模拟结果表明，阴离子表面活性剂的降解速率随降解时间的延长而降低，降解速率随降解时间的延长而降低在5- 100 ppm的表面活性剂浓度范围内，LAS的降解量随浓度的增加而增加，LAS的光降解随光照时间的延长而增加。紫外光和太阳光照射7小时后，LAS的分解率分别为97%和53%，C.I.FB71的初始光异构化反应表观速率大于C.I.FB351，化学分析表明，FB 351的光降解产物中有一种是易生物降解的产物方法.采用土壤灌流法研究了铜酞菁染料（CP）的生物降解性，根据其叶状体的形态特征鉴定了一株降解CP的真菌为疣孢漆斑菌（Myrothecium Verrucaria），偶氮染料的降解特性与染料的结构密切相关，蒽醌染料在NO_2水溶液中的光催化降解作用增强，双氧水对印染废水的脱色效果与无氯法相当，发现在温和条件下（pH 8 -9），过氧化氢对染料的脱色反应是酶（过氧化物酶）催化的。

The biodegradation behavior of mixtures of soap and LAS was observed with river die-away tests using Tama river water.On the standing cultivation soap rapidly degraded followed by a decrease of D0 in the medium, the primary biodegradation of LAS was slower because of a lowering of the D0.Household detergents contained AE and APE were better than that contained LAS on the biodegadability.The biodegradation of anionic surfactants was simulated by river die-away tests using water of the Yodo river.The order of the biodegradation rate was LAS<AOS<AES<AS.At surfactant concentrations of 5-100ppm, the biodegradated amount of the surfactant increased with increasing concentration.The photodegradation of LAS increases with irradiation time. After 7hr of irradiation, decomposition rates of LAS by UV light and a solar exposure are 97% and 53%, respectively.The apparent reaction rate of initial photoisomerization of C.I.FB71 was larger than that of C.I.FB351, however FB351 photodecomposed into inorganic substances faster than FB71.One of photodegraded products from FB351 that was easily biodegraded was identified by chemical analysis methods.Biodegradation of copper phthalocyanine dye (CP) was examined by using the soil perfusion method, and a fungus that degradated CP was identified to be Myrothecium Verrucaria according to the characteristic morphology of its phyalides.Decomposition characteristics of azoic dyes were closely related to the structures of the dyes, and decomposition of anthraquinone dyes in aqueous solutions of NO_2 was enhanced by irradiation.Decoloration of dying drainage by hydrogen peroxide is effective as non-chlorine method, then it is found an enzyme (peroxidaze) catalyzed decoloration reaction by hydrogen peroxide under mild condition (pH8-9).