Molecular Ecological Studies for Bioremediation of Aquatic Environments by Killing Factors and/or Self-Death-Inducing Factors from Microorganisms

通过微生物的杀伤因子和/或自死亡诱导因子对水生环境进行生物修复的分子生态学研究

• 批准号: 07406010
• 负责人: NAKAHARA Hiroyuki
• 金额: $ 20.54万
• 依托单位: KYOTO UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)
• 财政年份: 1995
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1995 至 1997
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-07406010/
• 关键词: red tide; algicidal bacteria; marine virus; 16SrDNA; RFLP; Heterosigma akashiwa; Gymnodinium mikimotoi; Alexanbdrium tamarense; Heterosigama akashiwa; Gymnodinium mikimotoi; 海洋性ウィルス; Heterosigma akashiwo; Gymnodinium属; Heterosigma属; 海洋ウィルス /

We enumerated the microorganisms which killed the noxious red tide phytoplankton Heterosigma akashiwo (raphidophyceae) and Gymnodinium mikimotoi, (dinophyceae) ハ during their blooms which occurred in Hiroshima Bay and Uranouchi Bay or Tanabe Bay, Japan, in 1995 and 1996, using the MPN method.At every sampling site in Hiroshima Bay in both years, the rapid increase of the algicidal microorganisms in the seawater fractions less than 0.8mm was observed at the termination period of the blooms. Because the seawater fraction less than 0.2mm fluctuated poorly related to the extinction of H.akashiwo blooms, the algicidal bacteria may play the leading part in the termination of the bloom. We could isolate many strains of H.akashiwo-killing bacteria (HAKB) during the blooms. The number of algicidal bacteria against Chattonella antiqua were one or two order of magnitude lower than that of HAKB.Therefore it is suggested that the population dynamics of algicidal bacteria may have a close relationsh … More ip to the blooms of the phytoplankton. In marine ecosystem, algicidal bacteria against specific phytoplankton seem to regulate the change of structure of phytoplankton communities.Several strains of the marine bacteria which killed G.mikimotoi were silated during the occurrenece of the huge red tide of G.mikimotoi in Tanabe Bay. Among them the strains belonged to the genus Vibrio, Flavobacterium, Acinetobacter and Pseudomonas-Alteromonas. The fact that all of them grew in filtered natural seawater without any nutrient supplements suggested that the killing bacteria are ubiquitous in seawter and are related to the occurrence of G.mikimotoiopportunistically. Most of the killing bacteria did not affect the growth of three marine diatoms, Skeletonema costatum, Ditylum brighwelli and Thalassiosira sp., and some of them did not affect the growth of the Alexandrium catenella.A bacterium, Flavobacterium sp.5N-3, obtained from sawater after the disappearance of a noxious G.mikimotoi red tide in Uranouchi Bay showed a drastic algicidal effect on this species in particular, while it had no effects on other red tide plankton of Skeketonem costatum, Heterosigma akashiwo, and chattonella anitiqua.These results suggest that bacteria with species-specific inhibitory effects play an importnat role on the succession of phytoplankton community and algal blooming could be prevented by using such microbes as a "microbial pesticide". Less

我们使用 MPN 方法计算了 1995 年和 1996 年日本广岛湾和浦之内湾或田边湾发生的有毒赤潮浮游植物 Heterosigma akashiwo（针藻纲）和 Gymnodinium mikimotoi（甲藻纲）在藻华期间杀死的微生物。 两年在广岛湾的采样点，在水华终止期观察到小于0.8mm的海水组分中的杀藻微生物迅速增加。由于小于0.2mm的海水组分波动与赤潮藻水华的灭绝关系不大，因此，杀藻细菌可能在赤潮藻水华的终止中起主导作用。我们可以在开花期间分离出许多 H.akashiwo 杀灭细菌 (HAKB) 菌株。针对Chattonella antiqua的杀藻菌数量比HAKB低一两个数量级。因此，推测杀藻菌的种群动态可能与浮游植物的繁殖有密切关系。在海洋生态系统中，针对特定浮游植物的杀藻细菌似乎调节了浮游植物群落结构的变化。在田边湾的G.mikimotoi巨大赤潮发生期间，几株杀死G.mikimotoi的海洋细菌被硅化。其中菌株属于弧菌属、黄杆菌属、不动杆菌属和假单胞菌属-交替单胞菌属。它们都生长在经过过滤的天然海水中，没有任何营养补充剂，这一事实表明，杀菌细菌在海水中普遍存在，并且与 G.mikimotoi 机会性的发生有关。大多数杀灭细菌不会影响三种海洋硅藻（中肋骨条藻、Ditylum brighwelli 和 Thalassiosira sp.）的生长，其中一些细菌不会影响链状亚历山大藻的生长。在浦之内湾有毒的 G.mikimotoi 赤潮消失后从海水中获得的细菌黄杆菌 sp.5N-3 显示出 特别是对该物种有强烈的杀藻作用，而对其他赤潮浮游生物如中肋骨条、赤潮异形藻和安蒂夸藻没有影响。这些结果表明，具有物种特异性抑制作用的细菌对浮游植物群落的演替起着重要作用，利用此类微生物作为“微生物”可以防止藻类大量繁殖。 农药”。较少的

项目成果

Y.Ishida et al: "Algal Blooms,and Toxins" Progress in Microbial Ecology, 568 (1997)

Y.Ishida 等人：“藻华和毒素”微生物生态学进展，568 (1997)

Y.Ishida et al.: "Algal Blooms,and Toxins" Progress in Microbial Ecology, 568 (1997)

Y.Ishida 等人：“藻华和毒素”微生物生态学进展，568 (1997)

K.Nagasaki et al.: "The disintegration process of a Heterosigma akashiwo (Raphidophycea) red tide in northern Hiroshima Bay, Japan, during the summer of 1994" Harmful and Toxic Algal Blooms. 7. 251-254 (1996)

K.Nagasaki 等人：“1994 年夏季日本广岛湾北部赤潮异形藻（Raphidophycea）赤潮的解体过程”有害和有毒的藻华。

左子 芳彦: "モノクローナル抗体およびリボソーマルRNA遺伝子による有毒微細藻の分子識別" 海洋. 29. 725-7312 (1997)

Yoshihiko Sako：“使用单克隆抗体和核糖体 RNA 基因对有毒微藻进行分子鉴定”Kaiyo。29. 725-7312 (1997)

T.Yoshikawa et al.: "Molecular cloning and uncleotide sequence analysis of the gene coding for chloroplast-type ferredoxin from the dinoflagellates Peridinium bipes and Alexandrium tamarense." Fisheries Science. 63. 692-700 (1997)

T.Yoshikawa 等人：“来自甲藻双足甲藻和塔玛亚历山大藻的叶绿体型铁氧还蛋白基因的分子克隆和不核苷酸序列分析。”