Molecular Ecological Studies for Bioremediation of Aquatic Environments by Killing Factors and/or Self-Death-Inducing Factors from Microorganisms

通过微生物的杀伤因子和/或自死亡诱导因子对水生环境进行生物修复的分子生态学研究

• 批准号: 07406010
• 负责人: NAKAHARA Hiroyuki
• 金额: $ 20.54万
• 依托单位: KYOTO UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)
• 财政年份: 1995
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1995 至 1997
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-07406010/
• 关键词: red tide; algicidal bacteria; marine virus; 16SrDNA; RFLP; Heterosigma akashiwa; Gymnodinium mikimotoi; Alexanbdrium tamarense; Heterosigama akashiwa; Gymnodinium mikimotoi; 海洋性ウィルス; Heterosigma akashiwo; Gymnodinium属; Heterosigma属; 海洋ウィルス /

We enumerated the microorganisms which killed the noxious red tide phytoplankton Heterosigma akashiwo (raphidophyceae) and Gymnodinium mikimotoi, (dinophyceae) ハ during their blooms which occurred in Hiroshima Bay and Uranouchi Bay or Tanabe Bay, Japan, in 1995 and 1996, using the MPN method.At every sampling site in Hiroshima Bay in both years, the rapid increase of the algicidal microorganisms in the seawater fractions less than 0.8mm was observed at the termination period of the blooms. Because the seawater fraction less than 0.2mm fluctuated poorly related to the extinction of H.akashiwo blooms, the algicidal bacteria may play the leading part in the termination of the bloom. We could isolate many strains of H.akashiwo-killing bacteria (HAKB) during the blooms. The number of algicidal bacteria against Chattonella antiqua were one or two order of magnitude lower than that of HAKB.Therefore it is suggested that the population dynamics of algicidal bacteria may have a close relationsh … More ip to the blooms of the phytoplankton. In marine ecosystem, algicidal bacteria against specific phytoplankton seem to regulate the change of structure of phytoplankton communities.Several strains of the marine bacteria which killed G.mikimotoi were silated during the occurrenece of the huge red tide of G.mikimotoi in Tanabe Bay. Among them the strains belonged to the genus Vibrio, Flavobacterium, Acinetobacter and Pseudomonas-Alteromonas. The fact that all of them grew in filtered natural seawater without any nutrient supplements suggested that the killing bacteria are ubiquitous in seawter and are related to the occurrence of G.mikimotoiopportunistically. Most of the killing bacteria did not affect the growth of three marine diatoms, Skeletonema costatum, Ditylum brighwelli and Thalassiosira sp., and some of them did not affect the growth of the Alexandrium catenella.A bacterium, Flavobacterium sp.5N-3, obtained from sawater after the disappearance of a noxious G.mikimotoi red tide in Uranouchi Bay showed a drastic algicidal effect on this species in particular, while it had no effects on other red tide plankton of Skeketonem costatum, Heterosigma akashiwo, and chattonella anitiqua.These results suggest that bacteria with species-specific inhibitory effects play an importnat role on the succession of phytoplankton community and algal blooming could be prevented by using such microbes as a "microbial pesticide". Less

对1995年和1996年在日本广岛湾、浦内湾或田边湾发生的赤潮有害浮游植物赤潮异弯藻(Heterosigma Akashiwo)和三叶裸藻(Gymnodium mikimotoi，ハ)水华期间的致死微生物进行了计数。由于小于0.2 mm的海水组分波动与赤潮的消亡关系不大，因此杀藻细菌可能在赤潮的终止中起主导作用。在水华期间，我们可以分离出许多赤潮杆菌(H.akashiwo)致死细菌(HAKB)的菌株。杀藻细菌数量比…少1~2个数量级。因此，杀藻细菌的种群动态可能与HAKB有密切关系更多关于浮游植物繁盛的IP。在海洋生态系统中，针对特定浮游植物的藻类杀藻细菌似乎调节着浮游植物群落结构的变化。在田边湾发生大规模赤潮期间，几株杀死三木本藻的海洋细菌被沉默。其中弧菌属、黄杆菌属、不动杆菌属和假单胞菌属。所有这些细菌都生长在经过过滤的天然海水中，没有任何营养补充剂，这表明杀死细菌在海水中随处可见，并与G.mikimoto的发生机会性有关。大部分致死细菌不影响中肋骨条藻、亮丽双藻和海链藻三种海洋硅藻的生长，部分细菌不影响链状亚历山大藻的生长。乌拉努奇湾一次有毒的米氏赤潮消失后从海水中分离到的一株细菌黄杆菌5N-3对该物种表现出强烈的杀痛作用，而对其他赤潮浮游生物中的中肋骨条藻、赤潮异弯藻、赤潮藻没有影响。这些结果表明，具有物种特异性抑制作用的细菌在浮游植物群落的演替中起着重要作用，利用这种微生物作为“微生物杀虫剂”可以防止藻类水华的发生。较少

项目成果

Y.Ishida et al: "Algal Blooms,and Toxins" Progress in Microbial Ecology, 568 (1997)

Y.Ishida 等人：“藻华和毒素”微生物生态学进展，568 (1997)

Y.Ishida et al.: "Algal Blooms,and Toxins" Progress in Microbial Ecology, 568 (1997)

Y.Ishida 等人：“藻华和毒素”微生物生态学进展，568 (1997)

K.Nagasaki et al.: "The disintegration process of a Heterosigma akashiwo (Raphidophycea) red tide in northern Hiroshima Bay, Japan, during the summer of 1994" Harmful and Toxic Algal Blooms. 7. 251-254 (1996)

K.Nagasaki 等人：“1994 年夏季日本广岛湾北部赤潮异形藻（Raphidophycea）赤潮的解体过程”有害和有毒的藻华。

左子 芳彦: "モノクローナル抗体およびリボソーマルRNA遺伝子による有毒微細藻の分子識別" 海洋. 29. 725-7312 (1997)

Yoshihiko Sako：“使用单克隆抗体和核糖体 RNA 基因对有毒微藻进行分子鉴定”Kaiyo。29. 725-7312 (1997)

T.Yoshikawa et al.: "Molecular cloning and uncleotide sequence analysis of the gene coding for chloroplast-type ferredoxin from the dinoflagellates Peridinium bipes and Alexandrium tamarense." Fisheries Science. 63. 692-700 (1997)

T.Yoshikawa 等人：“来自甲藻双足甲藻和塔玛亚历山大藻的叶绿体型铁氧还蛋白基因的分子克隆和不核苷酸序列分析。”