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Response mechanism of plants to salt stress and strengthening the plant tolerance.

植物对盐胁迫的响应机制及增强植物耐受性。

基本信息

批准号：
07406001
负责人：
TAKEOKA Yoji
金额：
$ 22.34万
依托单位：
Nagoya University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)
财政年份：
1995
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1995 至 1998
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-07406001/
关键词：
response mechanism to alt stress strengthening plant tolerance to salt stress synthesized abssic acid tissue specification fo salt stress ultra-structure of salt-tolerant alga acetylcholine (ACh)induction of salt tolerant gene transgenic ri

项目摘要

Elucidation of salt-tolerance mechanism in higher plants, technology for effective selection and induction of salt-tolerant gene, and production of transgenic plant with salt tolerance. To promote this research project, having such objectives as mentioned above, has set up sub-themes as below ; 1) morpho-structural and molecular mechanism on developmental process of salt tolerance, 2) specification and extraction of salt-tolerant gene, 3) technological development of interplant transduction of salt-tolerant gene, and 4) production and acclimatization of transgenic plant of salt-tolerance.1) Histo-cytological results obtained were that response of tissues in vegetative organ to salt stress differed from their physiological function, pistil hyperplasia generated in reproductive organ, expanding of vacuole inside of root cap cell and formation of miellin structure in it, and existence of interspecific difference on their morphological response. Remarkable progress was obtained on elucidation of molecular mechanism of salt tolerance including that hormone and water transport regulation by acetylcholine (ACh) to participate in exclusion of salt in halophyte through selective switching of ion channel is independent on-plant hormone activity.2) It has made success to get transgenic rice plant to accumulate glycinebetain (GB) as similar level as barley through inducing to wild rice a modified gene of choline-oxygenase in E.coli.3) and 4) A transgenic rice plant was produced by inducing gene of chloned choline mono-oxygenase, and it was made success fresh-water alga to accumulate GB inside cell by inducing bet-gene into the plant. It was made clear that the transgenic rice plant had similar tolerance , besides salt, drought, and acidity stress. Development of technology for cultivative acclimatization of these transgenic rice is continuously under investigation.

高等植物耐盐机制的阐明，耐盐基因的有效选择和诱导技术，以及耐盐转基因植物的生产。为推广此研究计划，为达到上述目标，我们设立了以下分主题：1)耐盐发育过程的形态结构与分子机制，2)耐盐基因的鉴定与提取，3)耐盐基因的株间转导技术进展，4)耐盐转基因植物的生产与驯化。1)组织细胞学结果表明，营养器官组织对盐胁迫的反应不同于其生理功能，生殖器官产生雌蕊增生，根冠细胞内液泡扩大并形成髓鞘结构，形态反应存在种间差异。对盐生植物耐盐的分子机制的研究取得了显著进展，其中乙酰胆碱（ACh）通过离子通道的选择性开关参与盐生植物的激素和水分转运调控是独立于植物的激素活性。2)通过在野生水稻中诱导一种改良的大肠杆菌胆碱加氧酶基因，成功地使转基因水稻积累了与大麦相当的甘氨酸水平。3)和4)通过诱导克隆胆碱单加氧酶基因获得转基因水稻植株，并通过诱导β -基因进入植株，使淡水藻成功在细胞内积累GB。结果表明，除了盐胁迫、干旱胁迫和酸性胁迫外，转基因水稻具有类似的耐受性。这些转基因水稻的栽培驯化技术的发展仍在研究中。