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A Basic Study on the Mode of Proliferation Development in the Graminaceous Spikelets and its Use for the Nurse Production.

禾本科小穗增殖发育模式及其在护士生产中的应用的基础研究。

基本信息

批准号：
63480030
负责人：
TAKEOKA Yoji
金额：
$ 4.22万
依托单位：
Nagoya University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
1988
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1988 至 1990
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

(1) The pistillody, viz. pistil hyperplasia was caused by application of the S-327D, an inhibitor of gibberellin biosynthesis in the rice spikelets as the same features as affected by environmental conditions. Suppression of the rachis elongation was recovered by application of the GA_3 there-after, however the occurrence of pistillody by the S-327D was not altered by the GA_3 application. This results showed that the rachis formation and sex development are characterized by some different physiological ways each other concerning with the gibberellin regulation. (2) The sex-organ development was altered by the kind of substances added to the soil to cause the rice straighthead ; the application of starch, potassium phosphate and glucose promoted markedly the development of pistil hyperplasia and spikelet-type proliferation contrasting with the remarkable decrease of them by calcium acetate. Both groups of the soil additives showed the contrasting effect to promote the development of the sex organs and the propagule, suggesting a key to clarify the mechanism to regulate the sex development and proliferation. (3) The morphological alterations of the panicle and spikelets differed each other between the some crops and the wild relatives of the gramineae. This showed that the difference appeared during the domestication process of the wild species to produce fertile seeds more effectively. (4) The spikelet proliferation was shoed to occur more frequently in the Festucoideae than the other subfamilies of the gramineae through the reviewing literatures. Correlating this difference with the geographical distribution, panicle-spikelet structures, physiological background and others of these subfamilies, a primary data was constructed to induce effectively the spikelet proliferation in the gramineae. (5) A book entitled, "Reproductive Adaption of Rice to Environmental Stress" is in press, Elsevier Publishers B.V., Amsterdam.

(1)在水稻颖花中施用赤霉素生物合成抑制剂S-327 D，引起雌蕊退化，即雌蕊增生，其特征与环境条件的影响相同。随后施用GA_3可以恢复对穗轴伸长的抑制，但施用GA_3并不能改变S-327 D的退化现象。结果表明，赤霉素对水稻花序轴的形成和性发育具有不同的生理机制。(2)施用淀粉、磷酸钾和葡萄糖能显著促进雌蕊增生和小穗型增生，而施用醋酸钙则显著抑制雌蕊增生和小穗型增生。两组土壤添加剂对性器官和繁殖体发育的促进作用存在明显的差异，为阐明调控性器官发育和繁殖的机制提供了一个关键。(3)穗和小穗的形态变化在某些作物与禾本科野生近缘种之间存在差异。这说明野生种在驯化过程中出现了差异，从而更有效地产生可育种子。(4)通过文献综述，认为小穗增殖在羊茅亚科中的发生频率高于禾本科其他亚科。将这种差异与这些亚科的地理分布、穗-小穗结构、生理背景等联系起来，为有效诱导禾本科植物小穗增殖提供了初步资料。(5)一本名为《水稻对环境压力的生殖适应》的书正在出版中，Elsevier出版社B. V.，阿姆斯特丹