The tradition of the liberal arts during the middle ages

中世纪文科的传统

基本信息

批准号：
07451002
负责人：
OTANI Keiji
金额：
$ 3.52万
依托单位：
Sophia University (Jochi daigaku)
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
1995
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1995 至 1996
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

The tradition of the liberal arts, originating in the Greek sophists and developped in the classical rhetorical tradition, was received into the early Christian thought and education since Clement of Alexandria (end of 2nd c.), given an explicitly Christian interpretation and task through Augustine, but retained, at the same time, through Boethius' commetaries and manuals, its roots in the secular classical thought. From the end of the 6th c.to the end of the 8th c., among the seven liberal arts grammar, developped in Ireland and England, became the leading discipline, accompanied by some elementary knowledge of the quadrivium for practical purposes (computus of the ecclesiastical year). From the Carolingian period (9th c.) on, the Boethian cannon of the liberal arts, supplemented from Isidorus' of Sevilla summaries, has been intensively studied in the cloister and cathedral schools and enriched by the reading of newly re-discovered classical authors ; especially the disciplines of log … More ic, arithmetic and music showed a considerably high standard, until in the first half of the 12th c., all studies began to be centerd on logic and its metaphysical implications. During the 12th century, the trivium was restructured through the assimilation of the whole of Aristotelian logic since around 1130, the logification of the rhetorical 'topica', the increasing trend of treating grammar in logical terms, which led to the conceptions of speculative grammar since the middle of the 13th c. This dominance of logic over grammar and rhetoric paved the way for the scholastic thought of the 13th c., the fundamental function of the faculty of arts in the medieval university, for the reception of Aristotle's philosophy from 1150 on, as well as for the logical trend in late medieval theology, which, by way of reaction, caused the revival of classical rhetoric in the Italian renaissance. However, with the introduction of Aristotle's natural philosophy, metaphysics and psychology, philosophy, as Thomas Aquinas stated it, went definitively beyond the limits of the liberal arts and began to absorb them ; the mathematical quadrivium, which already had lost much of its academic importance during the 12th c.and was mingled with technical inventions and observations of the natural world, became resolved into (Aristotelian-Boethian) philosophy of nature and mathematics. On the other hand, a revival of the liberal arts, especially of the trivium, enlarged by new disciplines as history, moral philosophy and poetics, can be seen in the secondary education of the Renaissance period, which trend continued thanks to the curriculum of the latin gymnasium till recent times. Less

The tradition of the liberal arts, originating in the Greek spoilers and developed in the classical rhetorical tradition, was received into the early Christian thought and education since Clement of Alexandria (end of 2nd c.), given an explicitly Christian interpretation and task through Augustine, but retained, at the same time, through Boethius' commetaries and manuals, its roots in the secure classical thought.从第六C的末期到第8个c。在爱尔兰和英国开发的七个文科语法中，成为领先的学科，这是由于对四肢二氮的一些基本知识而实现的（教会年度计算）。从Carolingian时期（第9 c。）开始，由塞维利亚摘要的Isidorus补充的文科的Boethian Cannon在回廊和大教堂的学校中进行了深入研究，并通过阅读新的重新发现的古典作家而丰富了。尤其是日志的学科……更多的IC，算术和音乐表现出了很高的标准，直到第12个c的上半年，所有研究都开始以逻辑及其形而上学的含义为中心。在12世纪，自1130年左右以来，通过整个亚里士多德逻辑的同化，琐事进行了重组，这是修辞“主题”的逻辑，这是以逻辑术语来处理语法的日益趋势，这导致了自第13个中期以来投机语法的概念。 This dominance of logic over grammar and rhetoric laboured the way for the scholastic thought of the 13th c., the fundamental function of the faculty of arts in the medieval university, for the reception of Aristotle's philosophy from 1150 on, as well as for the logical trend in late medieval theology, which, by way of reaction, caused the revival of classic rhetoric in the Italian renaissance.然而，随着亚里士多德的自然哲学，形而上学和心理学的引入，正如托马斯·阿奎那所说的那样，哲学绝对超出了文科的范围，并开始吸收它们。数学四元素已经在12日。已经失去了其学术意义的大部分重要性，并与技术事件和对自然世界的观察相结合，已经解决了自然和数学的哲学（亚里士多德 - 布尔德利语）哲学。另一方面，在文艺复兴时期的中学教育中可以看到文科的复兴，特别是琐事的复兴，随着历史，道德哲学和诗学的发展而增加了，这趋势持续下去，这要归功于目前的拉丁体育馆课程，直到最近。