THE DEVELOPMENT OF CHILDREARING SKILLS OF PARENTS WITH A INFANT

1.研究对象为5对来J医院儿科就诊的父母和婴儿(1~6个月大)。我们的研究方案是这样的：首先，我们让父母给他们的婴儿换衣服和尿布，或者玩它。这些父母和婴儿的互动被录像下来。之后，我们给他们发放了一份问卷，询问他们的育儿意识和父母意识。这张照片后来被邮寄回来了。这个例行公事每三个月重复四次。我们分析了录像带和问卷回复者，考察了亲子互动和父母意识的发展过程。结果发现，随着婴幼儿运动能力的发展，亲婴互动发生了相应的变化。亲婴互动在给婴儿换衣服的过程中发生了以下变化：(1)在婴儿能够独立支撑头部之前，他们的运动能力非常不成熟。因此，处于这一时期的婴儿似乎受到父母的摆布。(2)随着婴幼儿运动能力的提高，父母对其运动的反应也会有所不同。(3)在婴儿可以自主活动后，父母的反应似乎是以某种形式出现的。与这个过程相对应的是，父母的意识似乎也发生了变化。在育儿方面，母亲是主要的，父亲是次要的，这是普遍的。这些研究成果分别发表在日本发展心理学学会第七届和第八届会员大会(1996-1997)、日本教育心理学会第三十八届会员大会(1996)和东北心理学会第五十届会员大会(1996)上。并打印了研究项目《有幼儿父母的育儿技能发展》的报告。

1. Subjects were five pairs of parents and infant (aged 1-6 months) who came to the J hospital's pediatrics to undergo a medical exam. Our research program was as follows : At first, we asked the parents to change their infant's clothes and diaper, or to play with it. These parents-infant interactions were videotaped. After this, we gave them a questionnaire which asked their childrearing and parental consciousness. This was returned by mail later. This routine was repeated four times every three months.2. We analyzed the videotapes and the respondents to the questionmaire, and examined the developmental process of parents-infant interaction and parental consciousness.3. As a result, we found that parents-infant interaction changed correspond to the development of infant's motor ability. Parents-infant interaction in changing infant's clothes changed as follows : (1) Before infants can support their head by themselves, their motor ability are very immature. So infants at this period seem to be at the mercy of their parents. (2) As infants' motor ability advances after this, parents' responses to their physical movement vary. (3) After infants can move by themselves, parents' responses seems to be patterned in a certain form. Correspond to this process, parental consciousness seemed to change, too. It is general that mothers are primary and fathers are secondary in childrearing.4. These research results were reported at seventh and eighth general meeting of Japan Society of Developmental Psychology (1996,1997), at thirty-eighth general meeting of Japan Society of Educational Psychology (1996), and at fiftieth general meeting of Tohoku Society of Psychology (1996). And the report of research project "THE DEVELOPMENT OF CHILDREARING SKILLS OF PARENTS WITH A INFANT" was printed.