Kin structure of colony in polydoumous termites and ants

在Iriomote和石垣岛的高asagonasuttermes野外调查。都是在三年内进行的。应用DNA指纹图谱法对菌落的遗传多态性进行了研究。最近群体间的亲缘关系呈增加趋势。以日本胶蚁为例，对其蚁后数、交配频率和蚁巢结构进行了野外和室内研究。在日本富士山东坡的研究地点进行的巢挖掘发现，日本金龟全年都是弱一夫多妻制的，并且在交配季节后蚁后数量增加，这表明新交配的蚁后被已建立的巢穴所采用。解剖和实验室饲养表明，在一夫多妻制的巢穴中，几乎所有的蚁后都已经交配，并且卵巢内有成熟的卵母细胞。多位点DNA指纹被用来检查在同一巢穴中发现的蚂蚁之间的亲缘关系。指纹带的模式显然是由一个简单的遗传规则控制的，并表明单雄制（每个女王只交配一次）。同父异母姐妹的DNA指纹图谱共享值均值为0.90，女王与女儿的DNA指纹图谱共享值均值为0.75。对蛹工蜂和成虫工蜂的DNA指纹比对表明，一个巢中有多个蜂王对新蜂王的产生可能贡献不均等。并对屋久岛Hodotermopsis Japonica群体的亲缘结构进行了调查。

Field surveys on Nasutitermes takasagoensis in Iriomote and Ishigaki Isl. were carried out during the three years. DNA fingerprint method was applied on the investigation of genetic polymorphism of the colonies. Increasing of relatedness between the nearest colonies were revealed. In the case of Formica japonica, queen number, mating frequency and nest kin structure of the ant were studied in the field and thelaboratory. Nest excavation in the study site, the east slope of Mt.Fuji Gotenba, Japan, revealed that F.japonica is weakly polygynous all year round and the queen number increases after the nuptial filght season, suggestinq the adoption of newly mated queens by established nests. Dissection and laboratory rearing demonstrated that nearly all queens in polygynous nests had mated and were fertile with mature oocytes in their ovaries. Multilocus DNA finqerprinting was used to examine kin relationships among ants found in the same nests. The fingerprint band patterns were apparently governed by a simple genetic rule and suggested monoandry (single mating per queeen) . The mean band sharing score of DNA fingerprints among full sisters was 0.90, and the mean value between queens and their daughters was 0.75. Comparison of DNA fingerprints of adult and pupal workers with pupal gynes suggested that multiple queens in a nest may contibute unequally to gyne (new queen) production. Hodotermopsis Japonica was also investigated on kin structure of the colonies in Yakushima Isl.