Kin structure of colony in polydoumous termites and ants

Iriomote和Ishigaki ISL对玉米象的实地调查是在这三年中进行的。采用DNA指纹法对群体的遗传多态性进行研究。最近的蜂群之间的亲缘关系也在增加。以日本蚁为例，在野外和野外研究了该蚁的蜂王数、交配频率和巢亲结构。在日本富士山东坡的研究地点进行的巢发掘表明，日本小蜂全年都是弱一夫多妻制的，婚后蜂群数量增加，建议通过建立巢来采用新交配的蜂王。解剖和实验室饲养表明，几乎所有一夫多妻巢中的蜂王都交配过，并能繁殖，卵巢中有成熟的卵母细胞。多位点DNA指纹图谱被用来检验在同一巢穴中发现的蚂蚁之间的亲缘关系。指纹带型显然是由一个简单的遗传规则决定的，这表明它们是一夫一妻制(单亲交配)。全姐妹间DNA指纹的平均条带共享度为0.90，女王与其女儿间的平均条带共享度为0.75。比较成虫和幼虫与雌蜂的DNA指纹表明，一个巢中的多只雌蜂可能对雌蜂(新蜂王)的产生不平等。此外，还对Yakushima Isl.群体的亲缘结构进行了研究。

Field surveys on Nasutitermes takasagoensis in Iriomote and Ishigaki Isl. were carried out during the three years. DNA fingerprint method was applied on the investigation of genetic polymorphism of the colonies. Increasing of relatedness between the nearest colonies were revealed. In the case of Formica japonica, queen number, mating frequency and nest kin structure of the ant were studied in the field and thelaboratory. Nest excavation in the study site, the east slope of Mt.Fuji Gotenba, Japan, revealed that F.japonica is weakly polygynous all year round and the queen number increases after the nuptial filght season, suggestinq the adoption of newly mated queens by established nests. Dissection and laboratory rearing demonstrated that nearly all queens in polygynous nests had mated and were fertile with mature oocytes in their ovaries. Multilocus DNA finqerprinting was used to examine kin relationships among ants found in the same nests. The fingerprint band patterns were apparently governed by a simple genetic rule and suggested monoandry (single mating per queeen) . The mean band sharing score of DNA fingerprints among full sisters was 0.90, and the mean value between queens and their daughters was 0.75. Comparison of DNA fingerprints of adult and pupal workers with pupal gynes suggested that multiple queens in a nest may contibute unequally to gyne (new queen) production. Hodotermopsis Japonica was also investigated on kin structure of the colonies in Yakushima Isl.