Mechanism of sugar accumulation into vacuoles to improve the fruit quality

糖分积累到液泡中提高果实品质的机制

• 批准号: 07456018
• 负责人: YAMAKI Shohei
• 金额: $ 4.67万
• 依托单位: Nagoya University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
• 财政年份: 1995
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1995 至 1996
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-07456018/
• 关键词: vacuole; compartment analysis; H^+-ATPase; H^+-PPase; carrier protein; sorbitol; glucose; pear; 水チャンネル; Comartmental analysis; トノプラスト; アポプラスト; スクロース

The purpose of this project is to make clear the mechanism of sugar accumulation in fruit tissue or cells.1. Cellular compartmentation of sugars : We investigated the localization of sugars and the change of their contents in fruit. More than 70% of sugars distributed in the vacuole and others in the apoplast in strawberry and melon fruits. With fruit maturation, the palsma membrane became leaky to sugar penetration, resultantly the sugar content in the apoplast increased.2. The mechanism of sugar transport across the membrane and its stimulation by plant hormones : There present 2 types of carrier-mediated and simple diffusional transports to the uptake of sugars into cells. In strawberry and melon fruits, we detected the carrier-mediated transport of sucrose, glucose and fructose in young fruit, but the carrier-mediated transport of sucrose disappeared during fruit maturation. IAA stimulated the sugar uptake via the carrier-mediated transport. On the contrary, ABA stimulated the sugar uptake via the simple diffusional transport. This may be caused by the stimulation of sugar uptake into the vacuole.3. The role of vacuolar H^+-ATPase and H^+-PPase : V-H^+-ATPase and V-H^+-PPase were prepared from the tonoplast vesicles of pear fruits, and their roles were compared each other through the developmental stage. H^+-PPase activity was higher in young fruit and H^+-ATPase activity became higher with fruit maturation.4. Sugar transport mechanism into the tonoplast vesicle : We make clear the participation of carrier protein of facilitated diffusion of glucose and fructose in the tonoplast vesicles.

本项目的目的是弄清果实组织或细胞中糖积累的机理.糖的细胞区室化：我们研究了糖在水果中的定位及其含量的变化。草莓和甜瓜果实中70%以上的糖分布在液泡中，其余分布在质外体中。随着果实的成熟，果肉细胞膜对糖的渗透能力逐渐减弱，质外体中的糖含量逐渐增加.糖的跨膜转运机制及植物激素对其的刺激作用：糖进入细胞的转运方式有载体介导转运和简单扩散转运两种。在草莓和甜瓜果实中，我们检测到蔗糖、葡萄糖和果糖在幼果中的载体介导运输，但蔗糖的载体介导运输在果实成熟时消失。IAA通过载体介导的运输促进糖的吸收。相反，阿坝通过简单的扩散运输促进糖的吸收。这可能是由于刺激糖摄入到液泡中引起的。液泡H^+-ATPase和H^+-PPase的作用：从梨果实的液泡膜小泡中制备了V-H^+-ATPase和V-H^+-PPase，比较了它们在不同发育时期的作用。H^+-PPase活性在幼果期较高，H^+-ATPase活性随果实成熟而升高.糖向液泡膜小泡中的转运机制：明确了葡萄糖和果糖在液泡膜小泡中易化扩散的载体蛋白的参与。

项目成果

Shiratake, K. , Kanayama, Y. and Yamaki, S.: "Characterization of hexose transporter for facilitated deffusion of the tonoplast vesiclest from pear fruit." Plant Cell Physiol.38 (in press). (1997)

Shiratake, K.、Kanayama, Y. 和 Yamaki, S.：“用于促进梨果实液泡膜囊泡扩散的己糖转运蛋白的表征。”

白武勝裕、金山喜則、山木昭平: "セイヨウナシ果実の液胞膜小胞内への糖輸送." 園芸学会雑誌. 64(2). 656-657 (1995)

Katsuhiro Shiratake、Yoshinori Kanayama 和 Shohei Yamaki：“梨果实液泡膜囊泡中的糖转运。”日本园艺学会杂志 64(2) 656-657 (1995)。

Ofosu-Anim, J. and Yamaki, S.: "Developmental change of sugar uptake into melon fruit tissue and indoleacetic acid." J. Japan. Soc. Hort. Sci. 65. 65 (in press). (1997)

Ofosu-Anim, J. 和 Yamaki, S.：“甜瓜果实组织和吲哚乙酸吸收糖的发育变化。”

Shiratake, K., Kanayama, Y.and Yamaki, S.: "Characterization of hexose transporter for facilitated diffusion of the tonoplast vesicles from pear fruit." Plant Cell Physiol.38 (in press). (1997)

Shiratake, K.、Kanayama, Y. 和 Yamaki, S.：“促进梨果实液泡膜囊泡扩散的己糖转运蛋白的表征。”

Ofosu-Anim, J. , Kanayama, Y. and Yamaki, S.: "Sugar uptake into strawberry fuit is stimulated by abscisic acid and indoleacetic acid." Physiol. Plant.97. 169-174 (1996)

Ofosu-Anim, J.、Kanayama, Y. 和 Yamaki, S.：“脱落酸和吲哚乙酸会刺激草莓果实中的糖吸收。”