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Basic study of artificial knee menisci (Investigation into meniscal functions and its reproduction with synthetic materials)

人工膝关节半月板的基础研究（半月板功能及其合成材料再现研究）

基本信息

批准号：
07457333
负责人：
IKEUCHI Ken
金额：
$ 4.22万
依托单位：
KYOTO UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
1995
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1995 至 1997
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-07457333/
关键词：
Knee joint Meniscus Joint simulator Finite element analysis Inpact load Stress wave 軟組織海綿骨関節の安定性

项目摘要

We have developed a novel device with a flexible needle and a laser proximity sensor for precise measurement of displacement of a soft tissue. The displacement vector in the transverse plane in the knee joint was measured by fixing the tips of the two needles at each measuring point in the meniscus. Thus, the paradoxical functions of the menisci were investigated by use of the device.Displacement of the porcine knee minisci were measured with a joint simulator. Under longitutional joint load, as outward displacement of the meniscusis is limited, the force is transmitted between articular cartilages via the meniscus while supination arises due to anterior movement of the lateral meniscus. Rotation results from antero-posterior shear force because the lateral meniscus moves while the displacement of the medial meniscus is limited. As the menisci are scarcely moved by latero-medial force, they contribute to the knee stability by supporting latero-medial force. Thus the menisci enable the knee to move in the sufficient range of flexionextension while they improve the knee stability by restricting the other motions caused by external forces. The investigation of the paradoxical functions of the knee menisci would be impossible without the precise measuring instrument developed in this project.It was found by 3-dimensional finite element analysis that the meniscus transmits stress waves as well as a bone does under impact loading. The stress waves detected by micro stress sensors attached in the cancellous bone near the knee joint. According to the experiment, most of static stress is transmitted to the cancellous bone while impact stress is transmitted direct to the peripheral cortical bone via the menisci.

我们已经开发出一种新的装置，具有柔性针和激光接近传感器，用于精确测量软组织的位移。通过将两个针的尖端固定在半月板中的每个测量点处来测量膝关节中的横向平面中的位移向量。因此，利用该装置研究了猪膝关节小切口的反常功能，并在关节模拟器上测量了猪膝关节小切口的位移。在旋转关节载荷下，由于髋臼的向外位移有限，力通过半月板在关节软骨之间传递，同时由于外侧半月板的向前运动而产生旋后。旋转是由前后剪切力引起的，因为外侧半月板移动，而内侧半月板的位移有限。由于膝关节韧带几乎不受内外向力的影响，因此它们通过支持内外向力而有助于膝关节的稳定性。因此，踝关节可使膝关节在足够的屈伸范围内运动，同时通过限制外力引起的其他运动来提高膝关节的稳定性。如果没有本项目开发的精确测量仪器，膝关节半月板的矛盾功能的调查将是不可能的。通过三维有限元分析发现，半月板在冲击载荷下传递应力波和骨一样。微型应力传感器在膝关节附近松质骨中检测到的应力波。实验结果表明，静态应力主要传递到松质骨，而冲击应力主要通过骨小梁直接传递到周围皮质骨。