Development of a simple and small sampling system for stratospheric air

开发简单小型的平流层空气采样系统

• 批准号: 07554017
• 负责人: NAKAZAWA Takakiyo
• 金额: $ 7.55万
• 依托单位: Tohoku University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)
• 财政年份: 1995
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1995 至 1997
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-07554017/
• 关键词: stratosphere; trace gas; balloon; ozone depletion; climate change

For atmospheric environmental problems such as the depletion of stratospheric ozone and the global warming, it is indispensable to clarify variations of relevant trace gases in the stratosphere. However, our knowledge of this issue is still insufficient, due primarily to difficulties in their measurements. In this study, we developed a small and simple sampling system to collect stratospheric air.For designing our sampler, we launched a small balloon system and then recovered it at Syowa Station, Antarctica. Considering the results of this preliminary experiment, we decided to employ a GPS receiver for tracking the sampler, a Rawinsonde for backup and a radio beacon transmitter for searching the gondola after landing.The sampler developed in this study consists mainly of a sample container, a control circuit unit, batteries, a GPS receiver and a transmitter, and all parts were assembled in an aluminum frame with aluminum honeycomb for a shock absorber. The sampler was equipped with a t … More urn-over mechanism of the gondola to avoid contamination of sample air due to gases from the gondola. Total weight of the sampler was about 11 kg. The sample container with a volume of 15l was made of stainless steel, and its inner wall was electrically polished. Electromagnetic and manual valves, made of stainless steel, were attached in series to the container.A balloon system for the sampler was comprised mainly of a specially-designed 4.5 kg rubber balloon, a cross-type parachute, a gondola, a balloon burst sensor, a main rope cutter and a Rawinsonde. The distance between the balloon and the gondola was set to about 10 m, and a total weight of the system was approximately 17 kg. A new gas handling unit was also prepared to simplify the injection of He gas into the rubber balloon.The sampler developed was launched at Syowa Station in January 1997 and recovered after collecting stratospheric air at 20 km. In 1997, to improve the performance of the sampler, we also developed a method for making the inner wall of the container clearer and a new-type open/close valve which is actuated using gunpowder. Less

对于平流层臭氧层的破坏和全球变暖等大气环境问题，弄清平流层中相关痕量气体的变化规律是必不可少的。然而，我们对这一问题的认识仍然不足，主要是由于它们的测量困难。本研究利用小型气球系统在南极昭和站进行平流层大气采样，并将其回收。考虑到初步实验的结果，我们决定采用GPS接收机跟踪采样器，无线电探空仪作为备份，无线电信标发射机用于着陆后搜索吊舱。本研究开发的采样器主要由样品容器、控制电路单元、电池、GPS接收机和发射机组成，并且所有部件组装在具有铝蜂窝的铝框架中用于减震器。采样器配备了一个t ...更多信息 座舱的翻转机构，以避免由于座舱的气体而污染样品空气。采样器的总重量为约11 kg。体积为15升的样品容器由不锈钢制成，其内壁经电抛光。采样气球系统主要由特制的4.5kg橡胶气球、十字形降落伞、吊篮、气球爆破传感器、主绳切割器和Rawinsonde组成。气球和吊舱之间的距离设定为约10 m，系统的总重量约为17 kg。还准备了一个新的气体处理装置，以简化将氦气注入橡胶气球的过程，研制的取样器于1997年1月在昭和站发射，在20公里处收集平流层空气后回收。1997年，为了提高采样器的性能，我们还开发了一种使容器内壁更清洁的方法和一种使用火药驱动的新型开/关阀。少

项目成果

Sugawara et al.: "Vertical profile of the carbon isotopic ratio of stratospheric methone over Japan" Geophys.Rce.Lett.24. 2989-2992 (1997)

Sukawara 等人：“日本平流层甲烷碳同位素比的垂直剖面”Geophys.Rce.Lett.24。

H.Honda: "A newly developed grab sampling system for collecting stratospheric air over Antarctica" Antarctic Record. 40. 156-168 (1996)

H.Honda：“一种新开发的抓取采样系统，用于收集南极洲上空的平流层空气”《南极记录》。

Handa et al.: "Crogenic air Sampling system for measuvements of the concentrations of stractosphiric trace gases and their esotopic vatius over Antalotica" J.Geomagn,Geoelectr.48. 1145-1155 (1996)

Handa 等人：“Crogenic 空气采样系统，用于测量 Antalotica 上平流微量气体及其内位 vatius 的浓度”J.Geomagn，Geolectr.48。

Sugawara et al.: "Vertical profile of the carbon isotopic ratio of stratospheric methane over Japan" Geopys.Res.Lett. 24. 2989-2992 (1997)

Sukawara 等人：“日本平流层甲烷碳同位素比的垂直剖面”Geopys.Res.Lett。

Handa et al.: "A newly developed grad sampling system for collecting stratosphencair over Antaroting" Antarctic Record. 40. 156-168 (1996)

Handa 等人：“一种新开发的梯度采样系统，用于收集 Antaroting 上空的平流层”南极记录。