Variations and Cycles of Greenhouse Gases on the Earth's Surface

为了阐明地球表面温室气体的变化和循环，进行了广泛的研究，进行了系统的测量并建立了数值模型。（1）对日本、太平洋、西伯利亚、昭和站和斯匹茨卑尔根群岛等海域的CO_2、CH_4、N_2O、CO、HCFC、HFC、PFC和SF_6等温室气体的浓度和同位素比值进行了系统的观测，阐明了这些温室气体浓度和同位素比值的时空变化及其原因和控制过程。首次成功地测定了大气中N_2O的同位素组成，并在此基础上尝试定量估算N_2O收支。对CO_2浓度及其δ^ C值进行了双反卷积分析<13>，以阐明近期全球人为CO_2收支。此外，还利用一个非线性模型研究了HCFC、HFC和SF_6排放的时间变化， ...更多信息 南北半球双箱模型及其测量结果。(2)建立了一个三维大气传输模式，并利用该模式从浓度和δ^C两个方面研究了全球碳循环<13>，建立了一个高空间分辨率的生态系统模式来研究陆地生物圈在全球碳循环中的作用，并利用一个新建立的三维海洋卡诺循环模式计算了大气和海洋之间的CO2分压差，估算了海洋对CO2的吸收。本研究建立的多箱模式成功地重建了近500年来大气N_2O浓度的历史。(3)为了更好地了解大气和岩石圈之间的碳循环，通过大量的测量，定量地估计了由于风化作用引起的碳通量和来自地下深处的碳释放。还对冲绳的几个珊瑚礁进行了系统测量，结果显示，珊瑚在海洋碳循环中的作用因珊瑚本身而异。少

In order to elucidate variations and cycles of greenhouse gases on the Earth's surface, extensive studies with systematic measurements and development of numerical models were performed. The results obtained from this study are summarized as follows :(l) The concentrations and isotopic ratios of various greenhouse gases such as CO_2, CH_4, N_2O, CO, HCFC, HFC, PFC and SF_6 were systematically measured over Japan, the Pacific Ocean, Siberia, Syowa Station and Spitzbergen Islands, and their temporal and spatial variations as well as causes and governing processes were clarified. Measurements of the isotopomers of atmospheric N_2O succeeded for the first time, and quantitative estimation of the N_2O budget was tried on the basis of the measurement results. Double-deconvolution analysis of the CO_2 concentration and its δ^<13>C was also made to elucidate the recent global budget of anthropogenic CO_2. Furthermore, temporal changes in HCFC, HFC and SF_6 emissions were investigated using a n … More orthernsouthern hemispheric two box-model and their measurement results. (2) A three-dimensional atmospheric transport model was developed and then applied to elucidate their global cycles in terms of the concentration and δ^<13>C.A spatially high-resolution ecosystem model was also developed to examine the role of the terrestrial biosphere in the global carbon cycle, and partial pressure differences of CO_2 between the atmosphere and the ocean were calculated and ocean uptake of CO_2 was estimated using a newly developed three-dimensional ocean carnon cycle model. A multi-box model developed in this study succeeded in reconstructing the history of the atmtospheric N_2O concentration over the last 500 years. (3) For a better understanding of the carbon cycle between the atmosphere and the lithosphere, carbon fluxes due to weathering and the release of carbon from the deep underground were quantitatively estimated by their extensive measurements. Systematic measurements were also carried out in several coral reefs in Okinawa, and it was revealed that the role of coral in the ocean carbon cycle was different depending on coral itself. Less