Development of an informatics system for quantitative trait locus analysis with the aid of DNA markers

利用Visual Basic编写了用于DNA标记连锁图谱构建和QTL分析的计算机程序MAPL97，并在Win95操作系统上发布。该程序可用于除普通F2、BC和DH外，异亲本植物和家蚕F2的QTL分析。可以为每种类型的人口生成模拟数据，以测试计算过程。该程序已被有效地用于家蚕DNA标记连锁图谱的构建，也被广泛地用于水稻和其他植物物种的QTL分析。针对BC、DH和silkworru F2，提出了一种估算导致分离数据失真的lethel因子在连锁图上的模式、程度和位置的方法。提出了一种考虑染色体强制交叉的新图谱函数，发现该图谱函数与水稻的观测数据具有良好的拟合性。提出了一种利用DNA标记类型信息和数量性状表型值的有效选择方法。列举了该方法比单纯基于标记类型和基于性状表型的普通选择方法更有效的条件。对不同世代的重组自交系进行Fisher估计重组值的信息量计算，发现在RAPD等显性DNA标记的情况下，随着世代的增加，信息量显著增加。特别是在排斥期，重组自交系被证明是非常有效的定位。将大麦DH系的籽粒形状用椭圆Fourie描述符描述后，进行主成分分析，再用QTL分析对各主成分进行评分，在LOD评分图上观察到多个峰，表明存在QTL。尝试用模糊集对大豆生长植株的整体形状进行定量描述。少

A computer program MAPL97 for construction of DNA marker linkage map and quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis which was written on Visual Basic and is available on Win95 system was developed and announced in a home page of web. The program can be used for QTL analysis of allogamous plant species and silkworm F2 in additoion to ordinary F2, BC and DH.Simlulated data can be generated for each type of populations to test the calculation procedures. The program has been effectively utilized for the consturction of the DNA marker linkage map of silkworm and also is widely used for QTL analysis of rice and other plant species. A method for estimation of the mode, degree and position on the linkage map of a lethel factor which leads to distortion of segregation data was developed for BC,DH,and silkworru F2.A new map function in which an obligatory crossover on a chromosome is taken into account was presented and a good fitness of the map function to the observed data in rice was found. A m … More ethod for effective selection of a quantitative trait which utilizes both information of DNA marker types and the phenotypic value of the quantitative trait was developed. Conditions under which the method is more effective than the one solely based on marker types and ordinary selection method based on phenotypes of a trait were tabulated. Fisher's amount of information for estimate of recombination values were calculated for varying generations of recombinant inbred lines and it was found that a marked increase in the amount of information with generation was found in case of dominant DNA markers such as RAPD.Eespecially in case of repulsion phase, recombinant inbred lines was proven to be very effective for mapping.When grain shape of barley DH lines was described by Elliptic Fourie descriptor, subjected to principal component analysis and further score of each principal component was evaluated by QTL analysis, several peaks for LOD score graph suggesting the presence of QTL was observed. Quantitative description of whole shape of a growing plant by Fuzzy sets was attempted in soybean. Less