Development of new color flower by control of coloring mechanism invention of blue rose

自古以来，人类就对花卉的颜色产生了浓厚的兴趣。世界上主要花卉，如玫瑰、郁金香、菊花、康乃馨等都没有蓝色。许多育种工作者都曾尝试生产，但都无果而终，我们为蓝色花色的形成提供了化学依据。原花青苷是矢车菊中的一种蓝色色素，是由6个琥珀酰花青苷、1个花青苷、6个丙二酰黄酮、Fe^3+和Mg^2+组成的金属配合物。蓝色的机制被澄清，是由Legand-to-metal-charge-transfer（LMCT），和金属花青素的结构非常相似的鸭跖草，鸭跖草的色素。对蓝色花，鼠尾草和Nemophila menziesii的研究表明，金属络合作用是蓝色花着色的一个共同点。绣球花的花色由红到紫再到蓝。从成分、飞燕草素3-葡萄糖苷、异甘草素中重构实验 ...更多信息 酸、绿原酸和Al^<3+>的含量进行了测定。在pH4.0时，花色苷、异绿原酸和Al^<3+>形成蓝色，而在pH3.0以下形成红色。牵牛花的花瓣颜色由蕾期的紫红色到开花时的天蓝色，最后又恢复到最初的颜色。然而，在开花过程中，色素天蓝花色苷（HBA）不会发生变化。用质子选择性微电极测定了花瓣活细胞的pH值。花在开花过程中，由于液泡pH值从6.6升高到7.7，花瓣颜色由红色变为蓝色。在此基础上，从矮牵牛中克隆了飞燕草素类黄酮3 '，5'羟化酶基因cDNA，并成功地将其导入康乃馨中，获得了紫色花月尘。同时，还从龙胆中克隆了芳香酰基转化为糖OH紫（AT）的酰基转移酶的cDNA，并对其进行了特性研究。少

From ancient times human have been strongly interested in flower colors. World main flowers, such as rose, tulips, chrysanthemum, and carnation have never blue colors. Many breeders challenged to produce them, but the efforts were fruitless.We provided the chemical evidences for blue flower color developments. Protocyanin, a blue pigment from Centaurea cyanus, was a metal-complex anthocyanin, composed with six succinylcyanin, an anthocyanin, six malonylflavones, Fe^<3+> and Mg^<2+>. The blue color mechanism was clarified to be arising from a Legand-to-Metal-Charge-Transfer (LMCT), and the structure of the metalloanthocyanin was very similar to that of commelinin, a pigment from Commelina communis. Rearching of blue flowers, Salvia Uliginosa and Nemophila menziesii indicated that metal-complexation is a common for blue flower coloring. Flower color of Hydrangea hybrida changes red through purple to blue. Reconstruction experimemts from the components, delphinidin 3-glucoside, isochlogen … More ic acid, chlogenic acid, and Al^<3+>existing in sepals of the plant were carried out. Blue color was realized by the anthocyanin, isochlogenic acid and Al^<3+> at pH 4.0, while red was at less pH3.0.Petal color of morning glory, Ipomoea tricolor cv Heavenly blue changes from purple red at bud to sky blue at opening flower, and then the color returns to the first at the fate. However, the pigment, Heavenly Blue Anthocyanin (HBA), does not change during blooming process. By using proton-selective-microeloctrode the pH of living cell of the petal was measured. The flower changes its petal color from red to blue during blooming, because of vacuolar pH increasing from 6.6 to 7.7.On the basis of chemical evidences for blue coloring, cDNA,flavonoid 3', 5' hydroxylase gene toward delphinidin from Petunia was prepared and it was transducted to carnation successfully to produce a new purple color flower, Moondust. And also cDNA for transacylase of aromatic acyl group to sugar OH purple (AT) was cloned from Gentiana makioi, and the charactaristic was studied. Less