Historical Background of Ulysses

本研究旨在阐明詹姆斯·乔伊斯《尤利西斯》的历史背景，主要关注文学、政治、宗教、音乐、教育、经济、食品、交通和民俗等主题。乔伊斯的文本预设了对都柏林的了解--特别是1904年前后的都柏林--并在没有讲述合适背景的情况下展示了叙事世界。他的文学策略是极端现实主义的，如果不了解这样的背景，我们就无法理解故事的微妙意义。本研究从这一问题入手，揭示了文本中迄今为止被遮蔽的各个方面，通过深入的考察，我们可以发现这个故事的许多隐藏的意义。如果不了解当时的社会背景，我们就无法理解格蒂对婚姻的渴望。我们从来不明白为什么都柏林有这么多人尊敬高个子约翰，因为我们不知道他作为副警长的职位涉及市长选举。我们必须推测，布卢姆穿的睡衣与当时的社会等级制度有关。因此，当我们了解到乔伊斯是有意忽略其作品的历史背景时，我们就扩大了研究的范围。当然，我们不能把乔伊斯作为一个现代主义者而置之不理。乔伊斯在《都柏林》中所使用的材料是从现代主义的角度进行语境化的。但这种研究也必须以历史知识为基础。

The aim of this study is to elucidate the historical background of James Joyce's Ulysses, mainly focusing on such topics as literature, politics, religion, music, education, economics, food, transport, and folklore. Joyce's text presupposes the knowledge about Dublin--especially Dublin around 1904--and shows the narrative world without telling the suitable background. His literary strategy is that of the extreme realist, and we cannot understand the subtle meaning of the story without knowing such backgroud. This study started to tackle the problem and reveal the various aspects obscured thus far in his text.We examined Ulysses throughly and could uncover the many hidden meanings of the story. We cannot understand Gerty desperately aspiring for marrige without knowing the social context. We never understand why so many people in Dublin respect Long John in so far as we don't know the fact that his position as subsheriff involves the election of mayor. We must conjecture that the nightshirt which Bloom puts on has something to do with the social hierarchy of those days. Thus, we enlarged the spheres of our research when we came to know that Joyce intentionally igonored to inform readers of the historical contexts of his work.Of course, we cannot put aside Joyce as a modernist. The material of Dublin Joyce makes use of is contextualized from the modernist point of view. But such research has also to be based on the historical knowledge.