Historical Background of Ulysses

本研究旨在阐明詹姆斯·乔伊斯的《尤利西斯》的历史背景，主要集中在文学、政治、宗教、音乐、教育、经济、食物、交通和民俗等主题上。乔伊斯的文本预设了对都柏林的了解--尤其是1904年左右的都柏林--并展示了叙事世界，但没有讲述合适的背景。他的文学策略是极端现实主义的，如果不了解这样的背景，我们就不能理解故事的微妙含义。这项研究开始解决这个问题，揭示到目前为止在他的文本中被掩盖的各个方面。我们彻底地考察了尤利西斯，可以发现故事中许多隐藏的含义。我们无法理解格蒂在不了解社会背景的情况下拼命渴望结婚。我们从来不明白为什么都柏林有这么多人尊敬高个子约翰，因为我们不知道他作为副警长的职位涉及市长选举。我们必须猜测，布鲁姆穿的睡衣与当时的社会等级制度有关。因此，当我们了解到乔伊斯有意向读者介绍他作品的历史背景时，我们扩大了研究的范围。当然，我们不能把乔伊斯作为现代主义者抛在一边。都柏林乔伊斯所使用的材料是从现代主义的角度进行语境化的。但这样的研究也必须以历史知识为基础。

The aim of this study is to elucidate the historical background of James Joyce's Ulysses, mainly focusing on such topics as literature, politics, religion, music, education, economics, food, transport, and folklore. Joyce's text presupposes the knowledge about Dublin--especially Dublin around 1904--and shows the narrative world without telling the suitable background. His literary strategy is that of the extreme realist, and we cannot understand the subtle meaning of the story without knowing such backgroud. This study started to tackle the problem and reveal the various aspects obscured thus far in his text.We examined Ulysses throughly and could uncover the many hidden meanings of the story. We cannot understand Gerty desperately aspiring for marrige without knowing the social context. We never understand why so many people in Dublin respect Long John in so far as we don't know the fact that his position as subsheriff involves the election of mayor. We must conjecture that the nightshirt which Bloom puts on has something to do with the social hierarchy of those days. Thus, we enlarged the spheres of our research when we came to know that Joyce intentionally igonored to inform readers of the historical contexts of his work.Of course, we cannot put aside Joyce as a modernist. The material of Dublin Joyce makes use of is contextualized from the modernist point of view. But such research has also to be based on the historical knowledge.