Historical Background of Ulysses

本研究主要从文学、政治、宗教、音乐、教育、经济、饮食、交通、民俗等几个方面来阐述乔伊斯《尤利西斯》的历史背景。乔伊斯的文本以都柏林——尤其是1904年前后的都柏林——的知识为前提，在没有讲述合适背景的情况下展示了叙事世界。他的文学策略是极端现实主义的，不了解这样的背景，我们就无法理解故事的微妙含义。这项研究开始解决这个问题，并揭示了迄今为止在他的文本中被掩盖的各个方面。我们对《尤利西斯》进行了全面的研究，可以发现故事中隐藏的许多含义。如果不了解当时的社会背景，我们就无法理解格蒂对婚姻的迫切渴望。我们一直不明白为什么都柏林有那么多人尊敬高个约翰，因为我们不知道他的副警长职位与市长选举有关。我们必须推测，布卢姆穿的睡衣与当时的社会等级制度有关。因此，当我们了解到乔伊斯有意忽略告知读者其作品的历史背景时，我们扩大了我们的研究范围。当然，我们不能忽视乔伊斯作为现代主义者的地位。乔伊斯所使用的都柏林材料是从现代主义的角度进行语境化的。但这样的研究也必须以历史知识为基础。

The aim of this study is to elucidate the historical background of James Joyce's Ulysses, mainly focusing on such topics as literature, politics, religion, music, education, economics, food, transport, and folklore. Joyce's text presupposes the knowledge about Dublin--especially Dublin around 1904--and shows the narrative world without telling the suitable background. His literary strategy is that of the extreme realist, and we cannot understand the subtle meaning of the story without knowing such backgroud. This study started to tackle the problem and reveal the various aspects obscured thus far in his text.We examined Ulysses throughly and could uncover the many hidden meanings of the story. We cannot understand Gerty desperately aspiring for marrige without knowing the social context. We never understand why so many people in Dublin respect Long John in so far as we don't know the fact that his position as subsheriff involves the election of mayor. We must conjecture that the nightshirt which Bloom puts on has something to do with the social hierarchy of those days. Thus, we enlarged the spheres of our research when we came to know that Joyce intentionally igonored to inform readers of the historical contexts of his work.Of course, we cannot put aside Joyce as a modernist. The material of Dublin Joyce makes use of is contextualized from the modernist point of view. But such research has also to be based on the historical knowledge.