A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF GERMAN,BRITISH AND JAPANESE MONARCHIES

德、英、日君主制比较研究

• 批准号: 07620067
• 负责人: SAKAMOTO Kazuto
• 金额: $ 0.51万
• 依托单位: KOKUGAKUIN UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 1995
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1995 至 1996
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-07620067/
• 关键词: ROYAL CEREMONY; POLITICAL ELITES; POPULAR DEMOCRACY; MONARCHY; NATIONALISM; JAPAN; GERMAN; BRITAIN; 大衆民主主義; 発明; 王室; ヴィルヘルム二世; 天皇; 国威発揚; 天皇制; 立憲君主化; 制度化; 君主権力; プロイセン; ヴィルヘルム2世

This project deals with a comparative study of German, British and Japanese monarchies in the light of royal ceremonial.It had been considered that royal ceremonies were traditions "invented" and evolved by political elites in the late 19th century. Facing the dangers of popular democracy, governing statesmen tried to devise pragmatic solutions in coping with social unrest and class conflict.However, the evolution of rituals should not be ascribed merely to "machinations" of political elites. It was one of the crucial processes that a monarchy tried to adapt itself to a newly role in a changed political environment, hence rituals reflected self-images of the public people who accepted royal ceremonies.Although in each country royal ceremonies were highly evolved at almost the same time, there were so many diversities. International circumstances, personalities of monarchs, or complicated power balance between the monarch and the government characterized each evolution. For instance, the process in Britain was closely associated with a changing political power balance, and a shift of the parliamentarism into popular democracy. Both in Germany and Japan, royal ceremonies had more nationalistic appeal. German rituals were so much influenced by queer characters of William II,while Japanese monarch had less individual power and less influence on shaping Japanese ones.

该项目从皇室仪式的角度对德国、英国和日本的君主制进行了比较研究。人们曾认为，皇室仪式是19世纪末由政治精英“发明”和发展起来的传统。面对大众民主的危险，执政的政治家试图设计出务实的解决方案，以应对社会动荡和阶级冲突。然而，仪式的演变不应仅仅归因于政治精英的“阴谋”。这是君主制在变化的政治环境中适应新角色的关键过程之一，因此仪式反映了接受皇室仪式的公众的自我形象。尽管两国的皇室仪式几乎是在同一时间高度演变的，但也存在着如此多的多样性。国际环境、君主的个性或君主与政府之间复杂的权力平衡都是每一次演变的特征。例如，英国的这一进程与不断变化的政治权力平衡以及议会制度向大众民主的转变密切相关。在德国和日本，皇室仪式都有更多的民族主义吸引力。德国的仪式很大程度上受到威廉二世古怪性格的影响，而日本君主的个人权力较小，对塑造日本人的影响也较小。

项目成果

坂本 一登: "昭和天皇と吉田茂" 年報近代日本研究. 20. (1998)

坂本和人：《昭和天皇与吉田茂》现代日本研究年度报告20。（1998）

Kazuto Sakamoto: The Emperor Hirohito and Yoshida Sigeru, Nenpo Kendai Nihon Kenkyu, Vol.20. Yamakawa Shuppan, Tokyo, (1998)

坂本和人：裕仁天皇和吉田茂，《Nenpo Kendai Nihon Kenkyu》，第 20 卷。