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National Land Development and Urban Planning under Napoleon III and his civil engineers

拿破仑三世和他的土木工程师领导下的国家土地开发和城市规划

基本信息

批准号：
07630017
负责人：
KURITA Keiko
金额：
$ 0.83万
依托单位：
Tokyo Woman's Christian University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1995
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1995 至 1996
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-07630017/
关键词：
Napoleon III civil engineers national land development urban planning housing for workers Landes (region)afforestation regional development 第二帝政道路投資評価

项目摘要

The aim of this study is to evaluate the projects of national land development (the case of Landes region) and urban planning (especially housing for workers) under Napoleon III,analyzing the writings of the civil engineers who executed the works at that time.1. We clarified at first that engineers approved generally positive effects of transport investment on regional development.2. In 1995, we started the examination of urban planning project and could get some precious documents : plans of the houses for workers in Paris projected by Napoleon III himself shows clearly his will to give a modest but comfortable habitation even to workers ; the case of the Schneiders at Le Creusot suggested the important part that local industrialists playd for improving the living standard of workers. But we could not identify the role of engineers and their thoughts on this matter.3. In 1996, we concentrated on the analysis of the land improvement at Landes, a vast damp area in the southern part of Bordeaux. The object of this public work decided by a law of 1857 was to bring the waste land in cultivation and to develop the regional economy. So civil engineers such as Chambrelent quantified the expected development of local industries (resin and timbers), as rentability of the work and then established a cost-benefit analysis, in contrast with in the case of transport investment of which they met many unquantifiable benefits. They also reduced the cost, in improving the technique of afforestation and drainage. Communities disposed of some part of their common for financing the work. When the central government financed it, that was recovered from the improved land revenue. At last, we can confirm that some engineers went ahead of the national policy of land improving and set a model for private enterprises.

本研究的目的是评估拿破仑三世时期的国家土地开发项目（以朗德地区为例）和城市规划（特别是工人住房），分析当时执行这些工程的土木工程师的著作。我们首先澄清，工程师们普遍认可交通投资对区域发展的积极影响。1995年，我们开始了城市规划项目的审查，并获得了一些宝贵的文件：拿破仑三世亲自规划的巴黎工人住宅平面图清楚地表明，他的意愿是给工人一个适度但舒适的住所；施耐德家族在勒克鲁索的案例表明，当地实业界人士在提高工人生活水平方面发挥了重要作用。但是我们不能确定工程师的作用和他们在这个问题上的想法。1996年，我们集中分析了波尔多南部广阔潮湿地区朗德的土地改良情况。1857年的一项法律规定，这项公共工程的目的是开垦荒地，发展地区经济。因此，像chambrenent这样的土木工程师量化了当地工业（树脂和木材）的预期发展，作为工作的可出租性，然后建立了成本效益分析，与运输投资的情况形成对比，他们遇到了许多无法量化的效益。他们还通过改进造林和排水技术降低了成本。社区将其公共财产的一部分用于资助这项工作。当中央政府为其提供资金时，这些资金是从土地收益中收回的。最后，我们可以肯定，一些工程师走在了国家土地整治政策的前面，为民营企业树立了榜样。