Quantitative Study on Privatization in Railway Idustry

铁路业私有化的定量研究

• 批准号: 07630040
• 负责人: MIZUTANI Fumitoshi
• 金额: $ 1.09万
• 依托单位: KOBE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 1995
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1995 至 1996
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-07630040/
• 关键词: Privatization; Railway; Transportation; Efficiency

The main purpose of this study is to investigate to what extent efficiency and performance indicators have changed in the Japanese rail industry, such as among the JRs and large private railways, when ownership and/or management forms changed from the public to the private sector. The analysis was done by quantitative methods based upon econometrics and microeconomic theory. In FY1995, existing research literature was surveyed in order to concrete methodology and to find results on performance change through privatization. During that year, I also collected data in order to investigate the issues mentioned above. In FY1996, I did several quantitative analyzes after building models on productivity change and cost reduction. Furthermore, I analyzed the effects of ownership form and yardstick competition on operating cost reduction in Japanese large private railways. I have obtained several interesting results through analysis and these results have been and/or will be publishied in acade … More mic journals. Several omportant results obtained from this two-years analysis are summarized as follows :First of all, as for productivity improvement measured by labor productivity, it is true that privatization improves productivity. Based on labor productivity comparison models, privatization effects on labor productivity between 1981 and 1991 increased by about 29%. However, the labor productivity level of JRs is still lower than for large private railways by about 20%. Second, even if labor productivity was improved , the safety level did not deteriorated. As for serious accident rates, there is no difference between the preprivatization period and the after-privatization period. Third, based upon translog cost functions for JR and the private rail industry from 1970 to 1994, privatization reduced operating cost by annually about 0.2%. That means a cost saving of about 6.6 billion yen occurred annually. Fourth, using statistical analysis in both public and private railways, both ownership and competition effects on operating costs were found to be significant. In other words, private ownership and an increase of yardstick competition tend to decrease operating cost. Last, although further investigation is necessary, yardstick competition might work partially among large prizate railways. Less

这项研究的主要目的是调查当所有权和/或管理形式从公共部门转变为私营部门时，日本铁路行业的效率和业绩指标发生了多大程度的变化，例如日本铁路和大型私营铁路。本文以计量经济学和微观经济学理论为基础，采用定量方法进行分析。在1995财政年度，对现有的研究文献进行了调查，以确定具体的方法，并找出通过私有化改变业绩的结果。在那一年，我也收集了数据，以调查上述问题。在1996财年，在建立了生产率变化和成本降低的模型后，我进行了几次量化分析。在此基础上，分析了所有权形式和尺度竞争对日本大型民营铁路运营成本降低的影响。我通过分析得到了几个有趣的结果，这些结果已经和/或将在ACADE…上发表更多的麦克风日记。从这两年的分析中获得的几个重要结果总结如下：首先，关于以劳动生产率衡量的生产率提高，私有化确实提高了生产率。基于劳动生产率比较模型，1981年至1991年期间，私有化对劳动生产率的影响增加了约29%。然而，JRS的劳动生产率水平仍比大型民营铁路低20%左右。第二，即使劳动生产率提高了，安全水平也没有恶化。至于严重事故率，私有化前和私有化后没有区别。第三，根据1970年至1994年JR和私营铁路行业的Translog成本函数，私有化每年可减少约0.2%的运营成本。这意味着每年可节省约66亿日元的成本。第四，通过对公共和私营铁路的统计分析，发现所有权和竞争对运营成本的影响都是显著的。换句话说，私有制和标准竞争的增加往往会降低运营成本。最后，尽管有必要进行进一步的调查，但衡量标准的竞争可能会在大型优质铁路中发挥部分作用。较少