Design and Manufacture of Membranes Separating, Concentrating and Recovering Toxic Organic Compounds from the Environment

在1995财政年度，使用苯乙烯/甲基丙烯酸酯共聚物成功地制造了膜，该共聚物通过等离子体接枝填充聚合填充到多孔高密度聚乙烯基材中。当改变共聚组成时，聚合物与各种溶剂的相互作用可以改变，并且表明这种变化可以通过使用unifac-FV方法定量预测。这一结果表明，可以预测出对特定有机物具有最大溶解度的合适聚合物组成，对于这种类型的膜的实际应用，它更适合用于中空纤维中。使用多孔聚乙烯中空纤维作为基材，可以使用丙烯酸甲酯/丙烯酰胺共聚物制造中空纤维型膜。虽然中空纤维基材的机械强度比平板基材弱，但通过采用共聚，可以制造高选择性膜。1996年度，设计出了能够去除空气中挥发性有机化合物（VOC）的膜。对于这样的设计，它是必要的，而不使用任何由实验确定的参数来预测VOC的溶解度，扩散率和渗透性。选择汽油中含有的苯作为VOC。使用Unifac-FV理论，可以预测苯在各种聚合物中的溶解度。此外，它是可能的预测苯在各种聚合物中使用自由体积理论的扩散系数。一个理论预测的效果的基板，这是有效的对溶胀苯。利用上述考虑，可以预测苯通过各种聚合物的渗透性。最后，用丙烯酸丁酯填充的膜对苯/氮体系显示出200的分离因子。

In the fiscal 1995, membranes were successfully manufactured using stirene/methylacrylate copolymer, which was filled into porous high density polyethylene substrate by the plasma-graft filling polymerization. When changing the composition of the copolymerization, interaction of the polymer and various solvents can be changed and it was shown that this change could be predicted quantitatively by using the unifac-FV method. This result show that it is possible to predict an appropriate polymer composition, which has the largest solubility for a particular organic compound to be removed.For a practical application of this type of membrane, it is more appropriate to use in a hollow fiber for. An porous polyethylene hollow fiber was used as a substrate, it was possible to manufacture hollow fiber type membranes using methylacrylate/acrylamide copolymer. A mechanical strength of the hollow fiber substrate was weaker than the flat ones, but by adopting the copolymerization it was possible to manufacture high selectivity membranes.In the fiscal 1996, membranes, which could remove volatile organic compounds (VOC) from air were designed. For such designs it was necessary to predict solubility, diffusivity and permeability of VOC without using any parameter determined by experiment. AS VOC benzene was selected, which was contained in gasoline. Using the Unifac-FV theory it was possible to predict solubility of benzene into various polymers. Also it was possible to predict diffusivity of benzene in various polymers using the Free-Volume theory. A theoretical prediction of the effect of the substrate, which is effective against swelling by benzene. Using the above considerations it was possible to predict permeability of benzene through various polymers. Finally a membrane filled with butylacrylate showed a separation factor of 200 for benzene/nitrogen system.