Studies on Sex Pheromones and Attractants of Geometrid Moths and Their Application.

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(1) Stereochemisty of the natural pheromone of the Japanese giant looper moth and field test of the synthetic pheromoneThe Japanese giant looper, Ascotis selenaria cretacea Butler (Lepidoptera : Geometridae), is a serious defoliator of a tea garden. GC-MS analysis of the virgin female extract confirmed the occurrence of (3Z,6Z,9Z) -nonadecatriene and the cis-3,4-epoxide, and further GC and HPLC analysis with chiral columns showed that the epoxide was a racemic mixture. The field evaluation for the male moths interestingly revealed stronger activity of the pure (3R,4S) -isomer than any other enantiomeric mixture, while the (3S,4R) -isomer attracted the sub-species in Israel. This result indicates that these sub-species are reproductively isolated not only by their distribution but also by the pheromonal communication.(2) Random screening tests with optical active analogs of the giant looper pheromone.Racemic mixtures of several epoxydienes were resolved with a chiral HPLC column, and attractive activities of the enantiomers were tested in a mixed forest. By the test in 1996, three geometrid species, which had not been attracted to any racemic mixtures, were newly captured by the traps baited with the eptical active epoxide. Besides, the other three species, which had been attracted to the racemic mixture, were captured more abundantly by the optical active epoxides, indicating usefulness of the field test with optical pure epoxides for the study of geometrid pheromones.