Research on substances involved in parasite-host communication

寄生虫与宿主通讯相关物质的研究

• 批准号: 07660144
• 负责人: YOKOTA Takao
• 金额: $ 1.54万
• 依托单位: TEIKYO UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 1995
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1995 至 1997
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-07660144/
• 关键词: Orobanche; Root parasites; alectrol; orobanchol; Seed germination stimulant; nutrition; 寄生植物; アカクローバー; オロバニコール; ストリゴール

Root parasites such as Orobanche and Striga species are distributed in the Mediterranean countries, Middle East, and East Africa and cause vast damages against production of various crops. These parasites can germinate by seed germination stimulants secreted by roots of host crops, then produce haustoria again by host-derived stimulants prior to attachment to host roots. The final aim of the study is to protect crops from these root parasite. To this end, we present tried to clarify seed germination mechanism of Orobanche minor as affected by host-derived stimulants as well as relationships between host plant stimulant secretion and nutritional elements. The following three conclusions were obtained.1) Red clover roots secrete three compounds to stimulate Orobanche minor seeds. The structures of the two of these stimulants were determined. One was identified with a known stimulant, alectrol. The other was a new compound named orobanchol and its structure was determined by spectroscopy and synthesis.2) Secretion of germination stimulants are affected by nutritional elements. Nitrate is essential for the production. However, stimulant production was suppressed by ammonium salts and phosphate. Potassium has no effect on the production.3) Positive relationships are present between hostship and germination stimulant producing ability. Carrot and red clover, which are known to be true host of Orobanche minor, can produced high levels of stimulants. Tomato, soybean and garden pea, which are generally known to be attacked other Orobanche species, produced as much activity as carrot did. Sun flower, cucumber, onion, basil produced weak stimulatory activity, while Raphanus, cress and rice secreted trace or no stimulatory activity

列当属和独脚金属的根寄生虫分布在地中海国家、中东和东非，对各种作物的生产造成巨大的损害。这些寄生虫可通过寄主植物根部分泌的种子萌发刺激物萌发，然后在附着于寄主根部之前通过寄主来源的刺激物再次产生吸器。这项研究的最终目的是保护作物免受这些根部寄生虫的侵害。为此，本研究试图阐明小列当种子萌发受寄主来源的刺激物影响的机制以及寄主植物刺激物分泌与营养元素之间的关系。结果表明：1）红三叶草根系分泌3种化合物对列当种子有刺激作用。确定了这两种兴奋剂的结构。其中一种被鉴定为已知的兴奋剂，alectrol。另一种是一种新化合物，名为列当酚，通过光谱和合成确定了其结构。2）发芽刺激剂的分泌受营养元素的影响。硝酸盐对生产至关重要。然而，铵盐和磷酸盐抑制了兴奋剂的产生。3）寄主性与萌发刺激物产生能力呈正相关。小列当的寄主植物胡萝卜和三叶草能产生大量的刺激物质。番茄，大豆和豌豆，这是众所周知的攻击其他列当属物种，产生尽可能多的活动，胡萝卜。向日葵、黄瓜、洋葱、罗勒产生弱刺激活性，萝卜、水芹和水稻分泌微量或无刺激活性

项目成果

Kenji Mori: "Structure and synthesis of Orobanchol,the germination stimulant for Orobanche minor" Tetrahedron Letters. 40. 943-946 (1999)

Kenji Mori：“列当胆的结构和合成，小列当的发芽刺激剂”四面体快报。

TAKAO YOKOTA: "Alectrol and orbanchol,germination stimulants for Orobanche minor,from its host red clover" Phytochemistry. in press. (1998)

TAKAO YOKOTA：“Alectrol 和 Orbanchol，小列当的发芽刺激剂，来自其宿主红三叶草”植物化学。