The study of the problems of Life and death and of soul and spirit in contemporary Japan.

关于生死和灵魂与精神的主题，发生了两次突发事件：阪神大地震和奥姆·信立事件。灾民们为修复而奋斗，但重建房屋和生活却非常困难。我们在地震发生一年后进行了访谈调查，记录了遇难者和遇难者家属的实际情况。另一方面，奥姆真理教的事情典型地代表了当代日本青年在“没有灵魂的时代”的心理状况。他们中的许多人迷失了生活的方式，对自己的未来感到绝望，所以他们渴望获得超自然的力量，从尘世的执着中解放出来。但在创始人指导下的完全封闭的秩序中，出现了许多不正常的事情，带来了残酷的杀戮。这一史无前例的现象从反常、反常和正常的关系中进行了分析，并与25年前的“大学冲突”进行了比较。此外，我们还调查了长崎县后藤田岛每年举行的一个古老的传统节日。通过这项研究，我们分析了天与地、山与海这一空间结构的象征性二元性，对于阐释社会学经典中灵魂理论的语境而言，这仅仅是一个起点。在这段时间里，我试图通过对比迪尔凯姆的灵魂思想来总结西美尔的灵魂思想。

Concerning the theme of life and death and of the soul and spirit happened two emergencies : the Great Hanshin Earthquake and the matter of AUM SHINRIKYO.The Great Hanshin Earthquake took more than six thousands lives of habitants. The sufferers have struggled hard for restoration, but the reconstruction of house and living is very difficult. We made an interview investigation one year later after the earthquake arose, and recorded the actual conditions of the sufferers and the families of the deceased.On the other hand, the matter of AUM SHINRIKYO has typically represented the psychological conditions of contemporary Japanese youth in "soulless age". Many of them are at a loss of ways to live and are in despair of their future, so they are desiring for getting supernatural power and emancipating themselves from worldly attachments. But in the exclusively closed order guided by originator arose many abnormal matters which brought cruel murders. This unprecedented phenomenon has been analyzed in the relations of abnormality, transnormality and normality, being compared with "University Conflict" twenty five years ago.In addition, we investigated an old conventional festival held every year in an isolated island located on Goto-nada in Nagasaki-prefecture. By this study we have analyzed the symbolical duality of space structure, which are heaven and ground, and mountain and sea.Regarding the task of elucidating the context of soul theory in classics of sociology, it is only at the starting point. In this time I have tried to summarize Simmel's thinking of soul in contrast with Durkeim's.