Bone formation by the implantation of bone marrow cells

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In this study, we attempted to form a mass of bone by the implantation of osteoblastic cells differentiated from bone marrow stromal cells. Dexamethasone or vitamin C have been utilized to induce the osteoblastic differentiation so far, however, there is no report that these cells formed bone in vivo. Recently we found that collagen gel induced the osteoblastic differentiation without dexamethasone or vitamin C.These cells with collagen gel induced bone and a volume of bone increased time-dependently in vivo. On the other hand, un-differentiated bone marrow cells with collagen gel did not form bone. These results indicate that bone marrow stromal cells which expressed the osteoblastic phenotypes could form bone effectively in vivo. The effect of collagen gel is specific for type I,and type II-V collagen did no? possess the inducing activity. Furthermore, TGF-beta enhanced the osteoblastic differentiation by collagen gel. Our results demonstrate that bone marrow cells could form a mass of bone by our procedure. The benefit of our method is 1) we do not use dexamethasone, which has a potent side-effect, 2) we utilized collagen, which shows affinity to tissues.