Regeneration of mandibular bone by the implantation of cell fixed artificial periostium

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So far, the injection of growth factor, and implantation of cells have been attempted to regenerate bone ; however, the bone mass formed by these treatments is little. In this study, I tried to develop new artificial periostium constituted by cells, growth factors and carrier, and investigated the optimal condition for the regeneration of bone in aged peoples. First of all, I looked for the factors that the artificial periostium should have. I harvested bone marrow cells to fix into artificial periostium. They possess the ability to differentiate into osteoblasts, and this differentiation is induced by the treatment of cells by dexamethasone, but dexamethasone is a kind of hormone, and is hard to use the clinical treatment. It has been reported that type I collagen has an ability to induce the osteobrastic differentiation of bone marrow cells, and I studied whether type I collagen induced this kind of differentiation. Osteocalcin and bone sialoprotein gene are osteoblast-specific one, and I found that bone marrow cells cultured in type I collagen gel showed high expression of these genes. Next I implanted the artificial periostium in rats, and found it formed bone in vivo. These results indicate that the artificial periostum we constructed has an ability to form bone, and I clould conclude that the artificial periostum is a potent tool to regenerate the mandibular bone.