Immunohistochemical study on the repair of brain injury

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The macrophage and astrocyte are activated in the local area after brain injury via the humoral stimulations of the biologically active substances such as the cytokines and nerve growth factors. Rat brains were immunostained for GFAP,ED-1, PCNA in the various experimental times up to 14 days after brain injury and microscopically examined. Reactive astrogliosis after brain injury initiated just after injury and showed maximum at 5 days post-injury. IL-1 promotes glia to express ICAM-1 in vivo. ICAM-1-immunopositive glia began to emerge around the wound and reached a maxium at 2 days, persisted until 7 days post-injury. A neutralizing monoclonal antibody against IL-1 beta was infused into the wound immediately following the injury. This treatment resulted in a significant reduction of ICAM-1-positive glia at 1 and 2 days post-injury. IL-1 beta affects ICAM-1 expression on glia in vivo after experimental brain injury. We conclude that the biologically active substances play an important role in the healing phase following CNS injury.