Cytotoxicity testing of dental materials with saliva chemical factors in a culture medium

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To examine the cell sustainable composition of a culture medium containing saliva factors, two kinds of artificial saliva (Greenwood, Salivate) and human saliva were used to cultivate cells (HEp-2, L-929, RC2), followed by cell recovery in a fresh medium. By adding artificial saliva to a medium at 45%, approximately seventy percent of the cells were recovered. Cytotoxicities of eight metallic and three polymeric prosthetic materials were then examined by the cell recovery rate using two cell lines (HEp-2, Gin-1) and tissue model (MATREX) with addition of artificial saliva and human saliva at 45% to medium in vitro. Titanium, silver palladium alloy and heat-cured resin were not cytotoxic. A cobalt chromium alloy, and tin silver alloy showed only slight cytotoxicity. Silver indium alloy, nickel chromium alloy and nickel copper gallium alloy had moderate cytotoxic effects. Copper and two self-curing resins had marked effects. No difference between the two cell lines was found. The present findings suggest that saliva / tissue model couples for cytotoxicity testing of dental materials may be useful, despite the fact that the combination did not fully support cellular cultivation.