The Development of Evaluation Method for Bioethics Education in Japan.

日本生命伦理学教育评价方法的发展。

• 批准号: 07672437
• 负责人: AKABAYASHI Akira
• 金额: $ 1.34万
• 依托单位: University of Tokyo
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 1995
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1995 至 1996
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-07672437/
• 关键词: bioethics; medical ethics; questionnaire; evaluation; test battery; education; reliability; validity; 看護教育; 妥当性; 信頼性

The Development of An Evaluation Method for Bioethics Education in JapanAs biothics education has gradually evolved at universities as well as medical schools in Japan, there is a great need for a reliable program evaluation strategy. However, objective and quantitative evaluation instruments have not been developed. The purposes of this research are 1) to develop a new test battery to evaluate bioethics education ; 2) to investigate chronological changes of ethical problem identification ability and moral reasoning in medical and nursing students and graduates.According to J.Rest, the process of ethical problem solving can be divided into 4 steps : problem identification ; reasoning ; judgment ; and action. In this research, the first two steps were focused on. As to the problem identification, a new questionnaire has been developed (Problem Identification Test). referring to the preceding study by Herbert et al. The questionnaire submits three vignettes to examinees and asks them to … More list all the ethical issues related to each case. Each vignette was scored as to the number of issues identified and this number is regarded as the problem identification ability. The reliability and validity of this questionnaire were assessed. As for moral reasoning, two vignettes from the Japanese version of Rest's Defining lssues Test (DIT) was used.This test battery was administered to students and graduates of one medical school (1st to 6th year students and residents ; N=831) and one nursing school (1st to 3rd year students and graduates ; N=320). Problem identification ability in the nurse samples increased according to the grade, while the medical samples showed highest identification ability at the 3rd and 4th year. In DIT,no significant changes were observed in the moral developmental stages, while the decision on whether or not to give euthanasia drug to a terminal cancer patient dramatically decreased when the grade increased.Finally, as an intervention study, pre and post sampling for the students who took a 2 month bioethics course was performed. Problem identification ability was significantly higher in the post samples, while no change was observed in their moral reasoning. Less

日本生物伦理学教育评价方法的发展随着生物伦理学教育在日本的大学和医学院逐渐发展，非常需要一个可靠的项目评价策略。然而，尚未制定客观和定量的评价工具。本研究的目的是：（1）开发一套新的评估生命伦理学教育的测试工具;（2）考察医学和护理专业学生和毕业生的伦理问题识别能力和道德推理能力的时间变化。在问题识别方面，本研究编制了一份新的问题识别问卷（问题识别测验）。参考赫伯特等人的研究。问卷向被试提交了三个小插曲，并要求他们 ...更多信息 列出与每个案例相关的所有道德问题。每个小插曲都根据识别出的问题数量进行评分，该数量被视为问题识别能力。对问卷的信度和效度进行了评价。至于道德推理，使用了来自日文版的Rest's Defining lsweetness Test（DIT）的两个小片段，对一所医学院的学生和毕业生（1 - 6年级学生和住院医师; N=831）和一所护理学校的学生和毕业生（1 - 3年级学生和毕业生; N=320）进行了测试。护士样本的问题识别能力随年级的增加而增加，而医疗样本在第3和第4年表现出最高的识别能力。在DIT中，道德发展阶段没有观察到显着的变化，而决定是否给予安乐死药物的晚期癌症患者显着下降，随着年级的增加。最后，作为干预研究，前和后抽样的学生参加了2个月的生命伦理学课程。问题识别能力在事后样本中显著提高，而道德推理能力没有变化。少

项目成果

Fukatsu, N., Akabayashi, A., Kai.I.: "The current status of ethics committees and decision making procedures in general hospitals in Japan.(in Japanese)" J Japan Association for Bioethics. 7(1). 130-136 (1997)

Fukatsu, N.、Akabayashi, A.、Kai.I.：“日本综合医院伦理委员会和决策程序的现状。（日语）”J 日本生物伦理学协会。

西村忠ら: "生命倫理教育効果の評価法の開発" 生命倫理. 5(1). 73-77 (1995)

Tadashi Nishimura 等人：“生物伦理学教育有效性评估方法的开发”Bioethics 5(1) (1995)。

Akabayashi A.: "Questions raised over release of side-effects data in Japan" The Laucet. 350. 124-124 (1997)

Akabayashi A.：“对日本发布副作用数据提出的问题” The Laucet。

赤林 朗 ら: "アドバンスディレクティブの日本社会における適用可能性" 生命倫理. 7(1). 31-40 (1997)

Akira Akabayashi 等人：“先进指令在日本社会的适用性”Bioethics 7(1)。

Akabayashi, A.: "Finally done-Japan's final decision on organ transplantation." The Hastings Center Report Sep-Oct. 1997. 47 (1997)

Akabayashi, A.：“终于完成了——日本对器官移植的最终决定。”