Education of Medical Ethics in medicine

在日本，医学伦理学是作为医学原则教授的。但是，如何在实践中教授医学生的决策，这涉及到医学生的伦理困境，目前还不清楚。因此，我们对日本80所医学院进行了全国性调查，以确定当前医学伦理学教学中的问题。我们询问了学生如何以及何时在医学院学习医学伦理学，以及医学伦理学的目标，成就目标，一至六年级和研究生课程的内容和课程。医学院教育事务的初步研究（回应率99%）显示，医学伦理学最有可能在最低年级教授（一年级为60.3%），高年级受教育的可能性较小（五至六年级分别为11%）。只有28%的教授医学伦理学的讲师熟悉医学伦理学的整个课程，只有15所医学院有跨学院教学。教师对带教医生制度满意度调查分析 ...更多信息 医学院校的医德教育与“在临床教学中引入医德因素”有关。用按授课者专业调整的Logistic回归模型分析了“与临床医生讨论”与医学伦理学教学内容的充分性之间的关系，指出医学伦理学教学应以低年级学生的学科性为目标，从对医学伦理学的兴趣出发，采用小组讨论、案例分析、直观教具等形式，而不是单纯的听课。在高年级，引入更多的真实案例，培养医疗伦理意识，即临床伦理，对建立医患之间的信任关系，获得沟通技巧和管理风险非常重要。尽管最近在实践中越来越多地认识到医学伦理，但医学院的教学人力资源稀缺且不足。但是，在日本，应沿着教师教学和终身教育，加强医学伦理学尤其是临床伦理学的教学。少

Medical ethics is taught as a principle of medicine at medical schools in Japan. But it is not clear that how to teach decision making in practice which involves ethical dilemmas for medical students. Therefore, we conducted a national survey of 80 medical schools in Japan to identify the current issues in teaching medical ethics. We enquired how and when students learned medical ethics at medical school and also the objectives, achievement goals, contents and curricula for 1st to 6th grade and postgraduate studies.Preliminary study of educational affairs at the faculty of medicine (response rate 99%) showed that medical ethics is most likely to be taught in the lowest grade (1st year 60.3%) and less likely to be taught in the upper grades (5th-6th grade 11%,respectively). Only 28% of lecturers who teach medical ethics are familiar with the whole curriculum of medical ethics and only 15 medical schools had cross-faculty teaching. Lecturer's satisfaction for the system of teaching medic … More al ethics at medical school was related with 'introducing the element of medical ethics in bed-side teaching'. Sufficiency of contents for teaching medical ethics was associated with 'being discussed with clinicians' with logistic regression model adjusted by lecturer's specialty.It was indicated that teaching medical ethics should aim to have a discipline for the students in lower grades, starting from having an interest in medical ethics in group discussion, case study, and visual aids, rather than listening to lectures only. In the upper grades, introducing more realistic cases to cultivate the sense of ethics within healthcare, namely clinical ethics, is important to build relationship of trust between patients and doctors, acquire communication skill, and managing the risk. Despite the recent increased recognition of medical ethics in practice, the human resources for teaching at medical schools are scarce and insufficient. However, teaching medical ethics, especially clinical ethics should be more emphasized in Japan, along with teacher's teaching and career-long education. Less