Tendency of Small Scale of Municipal Primary Schools and the Change of Spatial Structure of Local Communities in the Metropolitan Cities in Japan.

日本大城市市立小学规模小化趋势与地方社区空间结构变化。

• 批准号: 07680172
• 负责人: SAKAGAWA Shigeru
• 金额: $ 0.9万
• 依托单位: Hiroshima Women's University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 1995
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1995 至 1996
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-07680172/
• 关键词: Japan; metropolitan cities; municipal primary schools; tendency of small scale; functional combined facilities; local communities; spatial structure; 学校開放事業

The tendency of small scale of municipal primary schools was found in the central and sub-central areas of 11 metropolitan cities in Japan. The tendency was remarkable in Kyoto, Osaka Kobe and Kita-Kyushu. Although there should have been many surplus classrooms in all cities, some wards in Tokyo had no surplus classrooms. There were wide variety of styles of rebuilding of surplus classrooms in cities, In many cases, the surplus classrooms were rebuilt to special classrooms, lunch rooms, management rooms and so on for school use. In some other cases, those were rebuilt to functional combined facilities for community use. Especially when the small schools were combined in some central wards of Tokyo, the new buildings were built as the latter. Another typical case of the latter was the small rebuilding to community houses which were rebuilt from a part of school buildings in Yokohama.From the investigation of the usage of school facilities for community use, the schools were not fully used as the functional combined facilities, but used sufficiently on the project of opening school facilities. It is considered that the functional combined facilities for community use were built recently and not known for many people in local communities. However, as was the case of Yokohama, where the rebuilding of schools was begun earlier than in other cities and the community houses were densely located, it was found that the municipal primary schools were recognized as one of the lifelong learning facilities for many people and there were functional interrelationship between schools and other facilities.

在日本11个广域市的中心和次中心地区发现了市立小学规模偏小的趋势。这一趋势在京都、大阪、神户和北九州尤为明显。虽然所有城市都应该有很多多余的教室，但东京的一些区没有多余的教室。城市剩余教室的改建形式多种多样，在很多情况下，将剩余教室改建为特殊教室、午餐室、管理室等供学校使用。在其他一些情况下，这些设施被重建为功能齐全的综合设施，供社区使用。特别是当东京一些中心地区的小型学校合并时，新建筑被建造为后者。后者的另一个典型案例是对社区房屋的小型重建，这些房屋是在横滨的一部分学校建筑上重建的。从社区使用学校设施的使用情况调查来看，学校作为功能组合设施没有得到充分利用，但在开放学校设施项目上得到了充分利用。认为社区使用的功能组合设施是最近才建成的，并没有为当地社区的很多人所了解。然而，在横滨，由于学校重建比其他城市开始得早，社区住宅密集，市立小学被认为是许多人的终身学习设施之一，学校与其他设施之间存在着功能上的相互关系。