Construction of Science education for developing students ability to understand familiar natural phenomena in a scientific way

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A.Development of teaching experiments with more familiar materials The survey was conducted on university and junior high school students with their comprehension of the lecture in "electricity", an unit of science, at junior high school to reveal the followings : 1) University and junior high school students show almost the same tendensy : they recogniged poor understanding of term of electricity. 2) The lecture which had little relation or little applications to the daily life seemed easy forget. 3) The teaching concentrated on calculation problems seemed to reduce students' interest in studying science. Taking these results into consideration, we developed the following teaching methods making use of more familiar phenomena to attract more attention of students : a : experimental methods and apparatus for evaluation ofchemical reaction by examination of familiar sounds such as those of CO2 generation from aqueous solution and flaming in a gas burner, and b : experimental methods that help students' understand thermal conduction or three phase transition of substance through vivid color changes.B.Evaluation of methods for water analysis of river water Simpler methods were researched for measuring surfactant concentration in water, as an indicator of water pollution. Compared with the methylene blue method, a standard method requiring much time and some experience in chemical analysis, a commercially available "ponal kit ABS" was found to yield reliable results with less complicated manipulation. In addition, manuals for water analysis were prepared. Water pollution is of concern to everyone, so water analysis will be acceptable as a teaching material in environmental and STS education.C.The application of rhythmic phenmena of mercury as a teaching material in chemical education was also studied.