The Social Repersentation of "Savant"at the Phase of the Transformation of the Intellectual Field France at the End of the 19th Century

本文旨在从形态和思想变化的角度来考察19世纪70年代至1890年法国知识分子领域的重组。对于形态的转变，通过对自由主义和知识分子职业以及作者的统计分析：1.知识分子领域在这一时期迅速扩张。2.文学家、新闻记者、诗人和教授的数量的增加，带来了知识分子领域的主导部分的转移，从而导致了该领域各组成部分之间的冲突。所有这些都表明，当时的知识分子领域面临着增长的危机，学者的迅速增加是其中最重要的因素之一。至于思想转型，对文化生产者理想的历史考察揭示了以下几点：1.知识分子领域的重组需要文化生产者的另一种理想。2.(1)萨凡特被视为只有通过研究才能创造的独特象征资本的持有者，除了对其文化合法性的普遍认可外，还获得了社会和政治权威。(2)学者的理想成为知识界所有成员，特别是文学家等人的参照标准。由此可以看出，学者在适当的时候成为知识分子领域的主导社会代表。因此，学者们通过其成员的数量扩张和学者的社会代表的建立，为知识分子领域的重组做出了贡献。

The aim of this paper is to consider the reorganization of the intellectual field in France from 1870s to l89Os, from the viewpoints of the morphological and ideological transformations.As for the morphological transformation, the statistical analysis of the men of the liberal and intellectual professions and the authors clarified : 1. The intellectual field expanded rapidly during the period. 2. The increase of the number of men of letters, journalists, poets, and professors, brought the shift of the leading part of the intellectual field, and, consequently, the conflict between the constituents of the field. All of these made it clear that the intellectual field at that time faced the crisis of growth, of which the rapid increase of the academics was one of the most important factors.As for the ideological transformation, the historical observation of the ideals of the producers of culture revealed the followings 1. The reorganization of the intellectual field required an alternative ideal of the producer of culture. 2. (1) Regarded as the holders of the unique symbolic capital to be created only by the research, savant got hold of the social and political authority besides the general acknowledgment of their cultural legitimacy. (2) The ideal of savant became the frame of reference for all of the constituents of the intellectual field, particularly such figures as men of letters. From these, it is clear that savant came to be the dominant social representation for the intellectual field in due course.Thus academics contributed to the reorganization of the intellectual field through the quantitative expansion of their members and the establishment of the social representation of savant.