The basic research on the salmon fishing of the Ainu at the Yoichi Basho in western Yezo on the latter of modern period

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The purpose of this research is to analyze the document by the Hayashis who was the Basho-Ukeoinin at Yoichi Basho in western Yezo.The document can be summarized as follows.1. There were nine sets of fishing nets called "Ezo net" along the Yoichi River, which were set by the Ainu at Yoichi in the fifth year of Bunsei era (1822). For fishing of salmon, the Hayashis used one seine and two set nets. These fishing nets were set at the sea, but none were set in rivers.2. By the second year of Ansei era (1855), the Hayashis had introduced a set net into the Yoichi River. During those days the Hayashis employed both Japanese and Ainu ; the managing staff were Japanese, and the physical laborers were Ainu.3. While the wage for the Japanese employed by the Hayashis during the Ansei era ranged from one Ryou to three Ryou and one Bu, the one for the Ainu workers were paid in bales of brown rice to eight bales, and a female Ainu received three to five bales.4. The fishing activities of the Ainu people in the area were not restricted to their own territories : Oshoro Ainu fished salmon for their food at a tributary of the Yoichi River.5. During the Tempo era and Ansei era, the Hayashis dispatched 70 to 75 of Yoichi Ainu to Mashike, Ishikari, and Atsuta under the supervision of two Japanese caretaker.6. In the third year of Meiji (1870) , the salmon fishing ground at Yoichi was still managed by the Hayashis with two seines and two set nets at the sea, and three set nets and two small scale seines at the Yoichi River. By this time, fishing of salmon in rivers had become dominated and controlled by the Japanese.