Establishment of watershed conservation methodology based on the prediction of biosphere damage due to fine sediment discharge

基于细泥沙排放对生物圈损害预测的流域保护方法论的建立

• 批准号: 15380098
• 负责人: YAMADA Takashi
• 金额: $ 4.03万
• 依托单位: HOKKAIDO UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
• 财政年份: 2003
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 2003 至 2005
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-15380098/
• 关键词: land-use development in watershed; actual situation of fine sediment discharge; mechanism of fine sediment yield; biosphere; hydrological observation; hydraulic model test; physical measures development; methodology of biosphere conservation in wat

Concentration of solids and organic fine solids in the stream water were measured in a forested catchments where selective-cutting had been carried out. Total fine sediment and organic fine solids concentrations from selective cutting catchments were significantly higher after cutting as compared with those before cutting. The processes underlying land and riparian degradation by quantifying soil erosion and gully growth in slopes adjacent to cropland were examined. The concentration of suspended sediments was consistently higher in cultivated catchments where gully expansion causes 2-3 times more landslides than occur in forested catchments.On the basis of these soil erosion and fine sediment discharge situation, erosion velocity equation for cohesive soil was proposed by the newly developed surface shear test equipment and hydraulic model tests.Relation between soil surface cohesion of over-saturated layer and water contents at 5 mm depth revealed that as water content increased, soil surface cohesion fell exponentially. Meanwhile, erosion velocity decreased when cohesion increased, however it was increased sharply as the friction velocity increased.Sediment discharge prediction method were newly developed on the base of this equation and physical methods of restriction and control of fine sediment discharge for biosphere conservation in watershed were proposed.

在森林集水区进行选择性采伐，对溪水中固体和有机细颗粒的浓度进行了测定。择伐集水区采伐后的细颗粒泥沙总量和有机细固体含量均显著高于采伐前。通过量化农田附近坡地的土壤侵蚀和沟壑生长，研究了土地和河岸退化的过程。在此基础上，利用新研制的地表剪切试验装置和水工模型试验，建立了粘性土的侵蚀速度方程。过饱和层土壤表面粘聚力与5 mm深度含水率之间的关系表明，随着土壤含水率的增加，土壤表层粘聚力呈指数下降。同时，侵蚀速度随凝聚力的增大而减小，随摩擦速度的增大而急剧增大。在此基础上，发展了泥沙流量预报方法，提出了流域生物圈保护中细颗粒泥沙流量约束与控制的物理方法。

项目成果

南哲行: "パインアップル圃場における赤土砂対策手法について"砂防学会誌. Vol.56,No.1. 31-36 (2003)

Tetsuyuki Minami：“菠萝田红土和沙子的防治方法”日本侵蚀控制学会杂志第 56 卷，第 1-36 期（2003 年）。

森林の科学

森林科学

• 发表时间: 2005
• 作者: Shiba;T. et al.;浦木康光
• 通讯作者: 浦木康光

Sediment Discharge on the Steep Slope field in Central Java, Indonesia

印度尼西亚中爪哇陡坡田泥沙排放

• 发表时间: 2004
• 期刊: (財)北海道河川防災研究センター研究所紀要 XV
• 作者: Suwartha;N.;Nyoman Suwartha
• 通讯作者: Nyoman Suwartha

拓伐施業後における渓流水に含まれる微細土濃度の変化

清理作业后山溪水中细土浓度的变化

• 发表时间: 2004
• 期刊: 日本林学会誌 86・4
• 作者: Nagasaka;A.;Akiko Nagasaka;佐藤弘和
• 通讯作者: 佐藤弘和

Scoria runoff at Tatsune, Miyakejima island on July 16,2002

2002年7月16日三宅岛辰根的矿渣径流

• 发表时间: 2003
• 期刊: J.Jpn.Eros.Soc. 56 No.2
• 作者: Doi;Y.
• 通讯作者: Y.