A comparative study of Burmish lexicology : Burmish and proto-Burmish.

0.缅甸语以外的缅甸语主要分布在缅甸的克钦邦和掸邦，主要分布在中国云南省的德宏傣族景颇族自治州。在众多的同源集合中，我们可以发现缅甸语和其他缅甸语之间的一些平行关系。(a)“风”“船”“船头”“沉重”，（B）“生病”“鼻子”“休息”（not in 'listen' 'nearby'），（c）'black' '白色色'red' 'brown' ' gray '，（d）'head' 'intestine' ' egg '，（e）'high' 'see' ' horse '，（f）'to rain' ' village '，（g）'ground' ' grandchild '，（h）'stinking'to smell'，（一）“房子”、“睡觉”。2.另一方面，有些Maru、Lashi和Atsi形式显然与Loloish同源：“speech”、“saulty”、“trousers”。3.我们可以发现Maru、Lashi和Atsi形式似乎与Burmish或Loloish无关：“sun”、“road”、“flatland”、“sound”、“person”。(The词/pyu/'person'可能与拉祜语的一个限定语素'male（of animal）'有关[J. A. Matisoff教授对1997年5月第30期ICSTLL上的论文的评论]，它可能是从台语'person'借用的[Matisoff（1988）。拉祜语词典P.828]。4. Maru、Lashi和Atsi数词“二”和“四”是相当不好的。这些形式不是Lolo-Burmish同源。Maru形式/Sit/'two'可能与Sgaw Karen /khi/'two'有关。5. Maru和Lashi格助词/-yo/和Atsi/-？e/表示工具性/承诺性/连接性的'by/together with/and'与缅甸语格助词/-ne/（B.- hnang'）'by/together with/and'.

0.The Burmish languages other than Burmese are spoken in Kachin State and Shan State, Burma and mainly in Dehong Autonomous Prefecture of Dai and Jingpo Nationality, Yunnan Province, China.1.As it is one of Burmish languages, any of Maru, Lashi, Atsi, and others share a large portion of vocabulary with Burmese. Among a number of cognate sets, we can find some parallelisms between Burmese and other Burmish languages.(a) 'wind' 'boat' 'bow' 'heavy', (b) 'ill' 'nose' 'rest' (not in 'listen' 'nearby'), (c) 'black' 'white' 'red' 'brown' 'gray', (d) 'head' 'intestine' 'egg', (e) 'high' 'see' 'horse', (f) 'to rain' 'village', (g) 'ground' 'grandchild', (h) 'stinking' 'to smell', (I) 'house' 'to sleep'.2.On the other hand, some Maru, Lashi and Atsi forms are apparently cognate with Loloish : 'speech', 'saulty', 'trousers'.3.We can find Maru, Lashi, and Atsi forms which do not seem to be related to Burmish nor to Loloish : 'sun', 'road', 'flatland', 'sound', 'person'.(The word/pyu/'person' may be related to a Lahu bound morpheme 'male (of animal)' [Professor J.A.Matisoff's comment on may paper in 30ICSTLL, Beijing, 1997], which is possibly borrowed from Tai 'person' [Matisoff(1988). Dictionary of Lahu. P.828].)4.Maru, Lashi and Atsi numerals 'two' and 'four' are quite pecurior. These forms are not Lolo-Burmish cognates. The Maru form /SIt/'two' may probably be related to Sgaw Karen /khi/'two'.5.Maru and Lashi case particle/-yo/and Atsi/-?e?/for instrumental/commitative/ copulative 'by/together with/and' is used parallel to Burmese case particle/-ne/ (WrB.-hnang') 'by/together with/and'.