Sogdian personal names in Chinese transcription

粟特人名汉译

• 批准号: 09610541
• 负责人: YOSHIDA Yutaka
• 金额: $ 1.22万
• 依托单位: KOBE CITY UNIVERSITY OF FOREIGEN STUDIES
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 1997
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1997 至 1999
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-09610541/
• 关键词: Sogdian; Middle Iranian; Silk Road; Turfan; Dunhuang; personal names; Middle Chinese; An Lu-shan; 漢字音; イラン語; ソグド人名; マニ教; 大谷探検隊; トルファン文書; 中世イラン語文献; 人名; 漢字音写; バクトリア語

During the first millennium, in particular 6-8th centuries, the Sogdians played the most active role as traders along the Silk Road between China and the West, with the result that many Sogdians came over to China and some became resident there. When they were referred to in the contemporary Chinese documents, their names were transcribed phonetically in Chinese characters. Since they bore the surnames peculiar to their home oasis states one can easily tell Sogdians from the others. They are K'ang 康 (Samarkand), An 安 (Bukhara), Shih 石 (Tashkend), Shih 史 (Kish), Mi 米 (Maimargh), Ts'ao 曹 (Kabudhan), and Ho 何 (Kushaniya).In the last three years of my research, Sogdian proper names transcribed in Chinese characters were collected as many as possible. These names are attested in (1) the chronicles and other classical works on the Chinese history (where local kings of Sogdian oasis states are mainly recorded) ; (2) tomb inscriptions ; and (3) secular documents discovered in Cave 17 of Dunhua … More ng and from other oases of East Turkestan. In particular, the recent excavation in the Turfan area has brought to light several thousands of documents and they have been published by the Chinese team. The Chinese materials containing names of Sogdians are surveyed in section 3 of the present report.All the names collected by the present author are given in the form of list in section 4. Each name is accompanied by the full reference to the document where it is attested, the date of the document, and, if possible, its original form of reconstruction. I must confess that a number of names have still been left unreconstructed in spite of the great effort by several Sinologists and Iranianists such as O.Ikeda, M.Arakawa, D.Weber, and myself. Brief history of the research is presented in section 1.As an aid for reconstructing these Chinese transcription all the Sogdian names attested in the so far published Sogdian texts are also collected by me and they are listed in section 5. The list consists of three part : (a) those names attested in the Upper Indus inscriptions, (b) those collected from the Mug documents, and (c) the others found in miscellaneous documents and inscriptions. As the material comparable to the personal names Sogdian place names and other words transcribed in Chinese characters are collected in section 2. Sections following the two sets of lists are dedicated to the problems surrounding the reconstruction (section 6) and to the new facts revealed by the present research (section). Less

在第一个千年，特别是6-8世纪，索格迪亚人在中国和西方之间的丝绸之路上发挥了最活跃的贸易作用，结果是许多索格迪亚人来到中国身边，一些人成为那里的居民。当他们在当代中国文献中被提及时，他们的名字都是用汉字拼音转录的。由于他们的姓氏是他们家乡绿洲州特有的，人们很容易将索格迪亚人与其他人区分开来。他们是Kang康(撒马尔罕)，An安(布哈拉)，Shih石(塔什干)，Shih史(基什)，Mi米(迈玛)，Tao曹(卡布丹)和Ho何(库沙尼亚)。在我最近三年的研究中，尽可能多地收集了用汉字转录的Sogdian专有名称。这些名字在(1)关于中国历史的编年史和其他经典著作中得到了证明(其中主要记录了Sogdian绿洲国家的地方国王)；(2)墓志；(3)在敦化…第17窟发现的世俗文献更多的是来自东突厥斯坦的其他绿洲。特别是最近在吐鲁番地区的发掘，发现了数千份文件，并由中国团队公布。本报告第3节对载有索格迪亚人姓名的中文材料进行了调查。本提交人收集的所有姓名均在第4节中以清单的形式列出。每个姓名都附有对所证明的文件的完整引用、文件的日期，如有可能，还包括其重建的原始形式。我必须承认，尽管池田、荒川、韦伯和我等几位汉学家和伊朗人作出了巨大努力，但仍有一些名字没有被重建。第一节介绍了这项研究的简史，为了帮助重建这些中文抄本，我也收集了迄今为止出版的Sogdian文本中证明的所有Sogdian名字，它们都列在第五节中。这份名单由三部分组成：(A)在印度河上游碑文中证明的名字，(B)从MUG文献中收集的名字，以及(C)在其他文献和铭文中发现的其他名字。第二节收集了与人名、Sogdian地名和其他汉字抄写的词类似的材料。两套清单后面的几节专门讨论围绕重建的问题(第六节)和本研究揭示的新事实(第六节)。较少

项目成果

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吉田 豊: "ソグド語試料から見たソグド人の活動"岩波講座 世界歴史・中央アジアの統合. 11. 227-248 (1997)

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M.Sugiyama: "First fruits of Ryukoku-Berlin joint project on the Turfan Iranian manuscrips"Acta Asiatica.. 78. 71-85 (2000)

M.Sugiyama：“龙谷-柏林关于吐鲁番伊朗手稿的联合项目的第一批成果”Acta Asiatica.. 78. 71-85 (2000)