A Study on the Entry into Japanese Market by Foreign Firm and its Entry Mode

外国企业进入日本市场及其进入模式研究

• 批准号: 09630125
• 负责人: HASEGAWA Shinji
• 金额: $ 1.09万
• 依托单位: Waseda University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 1997
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1997 至 1998
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-09630125/
• 关键词: Mjltinaticnals; Foreign Direct Investannt; Alliance; Foreign Owned Firms; Regulatirns on FOF; Locatim Specific Advantages; 戦略提携; 機会主義; 信頼; 対日直接投資; ライセンシング; 企業特殊的優位; 市場ポートフォリオ

Foreign direct investment in Japan had started to grow in late 1980's. Since then, it experienced ups and downs, but its rapid expansion has occurred in late 1990's. The ratio between inward and outward direct investment has now become comparable with other advanced countries. However, the presence of foreign-owned companies is still low overall.As the reason why the level of foreign direct investment in Japan has low, it is often pointed out the existence of various barriers to accept them in the Japanese market. But some factors including legal restrictions or keiretsu are banned or rather alleviated by now. Moreover, the location advantages in the Japanese market, which had rather been poor for a long time, has now been improved greatly due to the fall of real estate price and the creation of labor market with high level of mobility.It is not appropriate to measure the influence of foreign-owned companies in Japan only by means of the inward direct investment level. Because there ar … More e many other ways of entering the Japanese market such as licensing technologies to Japanese firms, alliances the field of sales, production, and R&D, and they had been and even now are playing quite important roles.The rational behind the preference of alliances with Japanese firms over direct investment by foreign firms is the saving of transaction costs. On one hand, the internalization costs in Japan is high because the reliance on the long-term relationship among related firms and the high level of business costs play as entrance barrier to the Japanese market. On the other hand, the transaction costs in the market tend to be low due to the relationship based on trust. The historical effect from the long restricted era also affected to suppress the level of transaction cost low.Nowadays, the role of the foreign-owned firms has been greatly changed in Japan. It had long been merely the subsidiary with the main role being to maximize the rent form the Japanese market by using the competitive advantages created by the parent company overseas. However, the Japanese subsidiaries of the American and European firms play important roles in the field of R&D by progressively transporting technologies acquired in Japan to other affiliated companies, and now acting as the strategic leader in the group companies.In order to vitalize the Japanese economy, it is required to encourage aggressively the inward direct investment from other countries and to improve the business environment so that the Japanese subsidiary will be able to become an even more critical member in the multinational firm. Less

日本的外国直接投资于 20 世纪 80 年代末开始增长。此后，它经历了起起落落，但它的快速扩张发生在20世纪90年代末。现在，流入和流出直接投资的比例已与其他发达国家相当。然而，外资企业的存在总体上仍然较低。 日本的外国直接投资水平较低的原因是，日本市场存在各种接受外国直接投资的壁垒。但包括法律限制或经连会在内的一些因素现在已被禁止或有所缓解。而且，长期以来日本市场的区位优势由于房地产价格的下降和流动性高的劳动力市场的形成而得到了很大的改善。仅用对内直接投资水平来衡量外资企业在日本的影响力并不合适。因为进入日本市场的方式有很多，例如向日本企业授权技术、销售、生产和研发领域的联盟等，它们过去甚至现在都发挥着相当重要的作用。与外国企业直接投资相比，更喜欢与日本企业结盟背后的原因是可以节省交易成本。一方面，日本的内部化成本较高，因为对相关企业之间的长期关系的依赖以及较高的业务成本成为进入日本市场的壁垒。另一方面，由于基于信任的关系，市场上的交易成本往往较低。长期限制时代的历史效应也影响了交易成本的低水平。如今，外资企业在日本的角色已经发生了很大的变化。长期以来，它只是子公司，主要作用是利用母公司在海外创造的竞争优势，从日本市场获得租金最大化。然而，欧美企业的日本子公司在研发领域发挥着重要作用，逐步将在日本获得的技术转移给其他关联公司，目前已成为集团公司的战略领导者。为了振兴日本经济，需要积极鼓励其他国家的直接投资，改善营商环境，使日本子公司能够成为跨国公司中更加重要的成员。较少的

项目成果

長谷川信次: "企業グローバル化、国際提携、系列-自動車産業のケース-" 世界経済評論. 42・8. 35 (1998)

长谷川真司：“企业全球化、国际联盟和企业集团 - 以汽车行业为例”《世界经济评论》42, 8. 35 (1998)。