A Study on the Entry into Japanese Market by Foreign Firm and its Entry Mode

外国企业进入日本市场及其进入模式研究

基本信息

批准号：
09630125
负责人：
HASEGAWA Shinji
金额：
$ 1.09万
依托单位：
Waseda University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1997
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1997 至 1998
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

Foreign direct investment in Japan had started to grow in late 1980's. Since then, it experienced ups and downs, but its rapid expansion has occurred in late 1990's. The ratio between inward and outward direct investment has now become comparable with other advanced countries. However, the presence of foreign-owned companies is still low overall.As the reason why the level of foreign direct investment in Japan has low, it is often pointed out the existence of various barriers to accept them in the Japanese market. But some factors including legal restrictions or keiretsu are banned or rather alleviated by now. Moreover, the location advantages in the Japanese market, which had rather been poor for a long time, has now been improved greatly due to the fall of real estate price and the creation of labor market with high level of mobility.It is not appropriate to measure the influence of foreign-owned companies in Japan only by means of the inward direct investment level. Because there ar … More e many other ways of entering the Japanese market such as licensing technologies to Japanese firms, alliances the field of sales, production, and R&D, and they had been and even now are playing quite important roles.The rational behind the preference of alliances with Japanese firms over direct investment by foreign firms is the saving of transaction costs. On one hand, the internalization costs in Japan is high because the reliance on the long-term relationship among related firms and the high level of business costs play as entrance barrier to the Japanese market. On the other hand, the transaction costs in the market tend to be low due to the relationship based on trust. The historical effect from the long restricted era also affected to suppress the level of transaction cost low.Nowadays, the role of the foreign-owned firms has been greatly changed in Japan. It had long been merely the subsidiary with the main role being to maximize the rent form the Japanese market by using the competitive advantages created by the parent company overseas. However, the Japanese subsidiaries of the American and European firms play important roles in the field of R&D by progressively transporting technologies acquired in Japan to other affiliated companies, and now acting as the strategic leader in the group companies.In order to vitalize the Japanese economy, it is required to encourage aggressively the inward direct investment from other countries and to improve the business environment so that the Japanese subsidiary will be able to become an even more critical member in the multinational firm. Less

外国直接投资在1980年代后期开始增长。从那时起，它经历了起伏，但它的迅速扩张发生在1990年代末。内向直接投资之间的比率现已与其他发达国家相提并论。但是，外国拥有的公司的存在总体上仍然很低。这是为什么日本外国直接投资水平较低的原因，经常指出，在日本市场上接受它们的各种障碍。但是一些因素包括法律限制或Keiretsu现在被禁止或现在可以缓解。此外，由于房地产价格下跌和具有高流动性的劳动力市场的创造，现在已经很长一段时间的日本市场的位置优势得到了很大的改善。仅通过内向直接投资水平来衡量日本外国公司在日本的影响。因为还有……更多的其他方式进入日本市场，例如向日本公司的许可技术，销售，生产和研发领域的联盟，而且它们曾经甚至现在都扮演着非常重要的角色。在与日本公司偏爱外国公司相比，外国公司比直接投资的偏爱背后的合理是节省了交易成本。一方面，日本的内部化成本很高，因为依赖相关公司之间的长期关系，而高水平的业务成本作为日本市场的入口障碍。另一方面，由于基于信任的关系，市场的交易成本往往较低。长期受限时代的历史效果也影响了抑制交易水平较低的水平。如今，日本的外国公司的作用发生了很大变化。长期以来，这只是子公司的主要角色是使用母公司海外创造的竞争优势来最大化日本市场的租金。然而，美国和欧洲公司的日本子公司通过逐步运输在日本获得的技术在研发领域中起着重要作用，现在是集团公司的战略领导者。为了使日本经济的战略领导者成为日本经济的战略领导者，这是使日本经济的有效性，以使其他国家的内向投资能够积极地提高业务环境，从而使整个公司都能成为一个综合性的业务。较少的