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Foreign Direct Investment into Japan and Strategy of Multinational Enterprises

日本外商直接投资与跨国企业战略

基本信息

批准号：
14530158
负责人：
HASEGAWA Shinji
金额：
$ 1.66万
依托单位：
Waseda University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2002
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2002 至 2004
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

The objective of this research is to clarify the recent trends of inward direct investment in Japan, putting special attention on the process of decision making made by multinational firms, the economic agent actually making investment. This will be done by applying OLI paradigm known as the theoretical framework for the international production. The result showed that the OLI paradigm could explain quite well the following tow points, namely, (1) the inward investment in Japan has been stagnated for a long period of time at very low level since the Meiji Restoration, (2) the inward investment in Japan has started to grow since the late 1990's. Recently, however, the locations of knowledge and capabilities necessary for the firms to possess in order to obtain competitive advantages tend to disperse worldwide as the global competition becomes severe. As a result, multinational firms started to make direct investment overseas in order to strengthen or create ownership advantages and to o … More btain new competitive advantages rather than doing so having ownership advantages in advance as weapons to compete. Given the new strategies of multinational firms as just mentioned, it will be necessary to reconsider the theoretical analysis of direct investment in Japan by reappraising the three elements offered by OLI paradigm respectively in the direction explained as follows. (A) The factor which determines the flow of direct investment is not the disparities of ownership advantages among firms. Considering the situation where ownership advantages become parity among firms worldwide, it is rather the dynamism of firms to create new competitive advantages becomes primary motive power for the direct investment. (B)During the age of "transnational" management or "metanational" management, what are important as location specific advantages are created assets such as technology, knowledge, skill, innovation ability, and so on. In order for hocal governments to effectively conduct the attractive policies for multinational firms, it becomes important how to accumulate such assets which must be obtained after investment and what kind of strategic role should be expected for the local subsidiaries of multinational firms. (C) The strategic alliances will play even more important roles for the analysis of internalization incentives, because those created assets not innately possessed are closely related to the firm specific and context independent natures. Less

本研究的目的是，通过对实际进行投资的经济主体--跨国公司的决策过程的研究，弄清日本的对外直接投资的近期动向。这将通过应用被称为国际生产理论框架的OLI范式来实现。研究结果表明，OLI范式可以很好地解释以下两点：（1）自明治维新以来，日本的对外投资长期停滞在很低的水平上;（2）自20世纪90年代后期以来，日本的对外投资开始增长。然而，近年来，随着全球竞争的加剧，企业为了获得竞争优势而必须具备的知识和能力的分布趋于分散。因此，跨国公司开始在海外进行直接投资，以加强或创造所有权优势， ...更多信息获得新的竞争优势，而不是事先拥有所有权优势作为竞争的武器。鉴于上述跨国公司的新战略，有必要重新评价OLI范式中的三个要素，从而重新思考对日直接投资的理论分析。(A)决定直接投资流向的因素不是企业间所有权优势的差异。考虑到世界范围内企业的所有权优势变得平等的情况，企业创造新的竞争优势的活力反而成为直接投资的主要动力。（B）在“跨国”经营或“变形国家”经营的时代，重要的是创造出技术、知识、技能、创新能力等资产作为区位优势。为了使地方政府有效地实施对跨国公司具有吸引力的政策，如何积累投资后必须获得的这种资产，以及跨国公司的当地子公司应发挥何种战略作用，变得十分重要。(C)战略联盟对于内部化激励的分析将发挥更重要的作用，因为那些创造出来的非先天拥有的资产与企业的特定性和情境独立性密切相关。少