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Succession and Change of Folk Knowledge in Muslim Societies : An Ethnographical Research in North Africa

穆斯林社会民间知识的继承与变迁:北非的民族志研究

基本信息

批准号：
08041020
负责人：
OHTSUKA Kazuo
金额：
$ 10.88万
依托单位：
Tokyo Metropolitan University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for international Scientific Research
财政年份：
1996
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1996 至 1998
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

As a result of the three-years field research in the Muslim societies of North Africa, it is clearly proved that, under the influence of the globalization, they have gone through serious socio-cultural transformations in various domains of their daily life, though they even keep some of the 'traditional' ways of life. The changes we have found cover such aspects of life as material cultures like food and clothes, women's labor, mass culture like popular song, and the role of Islam. Examining such cases, we have discussed some of the main subjects in the contemporary anthropological controversy like the gender issue, Islamic resurgence, the coming of the information age, and the global tourism. On the other hand, we have collected some basic field data concerning the 'traditional' styles of Islamic activities, of which Japanese scholars have had little knowledge, such as the Sufi Orders and Islamic learning institutions in Morocco and the role of scholars ('ulama) who give legal advice (fatwa) to the Muslim masses. These field materials are valuable enough to advance Islamic studies in Japan.Considering that the globalization process have brought about somewhat socio-cultural transformations in various aspects of North African Muslim's life, anthropologists who carry out fieldwork there will have to conduct ethnographic research with wider perspectives than ever. Then we should take into account political, economic, and cultural factors in the national, and global contexts, which have brought in various changes in the communities we study. Based on these observations, we have proposed anthropological research projects to investigate the Arab Muslim world in general with a special reference to the effects of the globalization on their societies and put one of them into practice with a financial support of the Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C) from the JSPS.

对北非穆斯林社会进行了长达三年的实地考察，结果清楚地证明，在全球化的影响下，他们在日常生活的各个领域都经历了严重的社会文化转型，尽管他们甚至保留了一些传统的生活方式。我们发现的变化涵盖了生活的方方面面，如食物和衣服等物质文化，妇女劳动，流行歌曲等大众文化，以及伊斯兰教的角色。考察这些案例，我们讨论了当代人类学争论中的一些主要主题，如性别问题、伊斯兰复兴、信息时代的到来和全球旅游。另一方面，我们收集了一些日本学者对伊斯兰活动“传统”风格知之甚少的基本实地数据，例如摩洛哥的苏菲派教团和伊斯兰学习机构，以及向穆斯林群众提供法律咨询(FATWA)的学者(‘ulama)的作用。这些田野资料对推动日本的伊斯兰研究很有价值。考虑到全球化进程在北非穆斯林生活的各个方面带来了某种程度的社会文化变革，在那里进行田野调查的人类学家必须以比以往更广泛的视角进行民族志研究。然后，我们应该考虑到国内和全球背景下的政治、经济和文化因素，这些因素给我们研究的社区带来了各种变化。在这些观察的基础上，我们提出了人类学研究项目，以调查整个阿拉伯穆斯林世界，特别是全球化对其社会的影响，并在联合科学计划科学研究补助金(C)的资助下将其中一个项目付诸实施。