Ethnological Study of Symbiosis in Multiethnic Societies in West Africa.

西非大约有一千个民族。虽然他们的语言和文化绝对不同，但他们与其他人共存共生。这就是说，他们生活在和平之中。他们不隐藏自己的身份，与其他人和平共处。与族裔群体的共谋和多样性相比，报告的族裔冲突案件很少。然后，我们觉得研究它们不会引起冲突的原因非常重要。然后我们住在那里，进行了实地研究。根据研究，我们可以说几句结束语。他们知道语言和文化是有差异的。虽然大多数人有种族中心主义的心态，也就是说，他们的文化和语言比其他民族更好，但他们也知道其他人的重要性。例如，某些人生产特殊的东西，如锅、铁、皮革、木头、迫击炮等。非富尔贝族需要富尔贝，因为他们生产…更多的牛奶，并可以照顾他们的牛。每个群体都有自己的特长。他们互相了解对方的专长。因此，他们知道彼此的重要性。大多数人不得不住在同一个地区。他们以当地为基础发展了牢固的关系。他们说着相同的地区语言。他们享受着该地区相同的艺术和文化。因此，他们有同一地区的居民的感觉。他们在一起生活的时间越长，他们的纽带就越牢固。有时，他们会按照仪式收养对方的孩子，就像多哥北部的莫巴人和福尔贝人一样。就像博尔诺的卡努里人和富尔贝人一样，他们建立了一种交叉表亲关系。这意味着他们的关系是开玩笑的。这两个民族是分不开的。当它们迁徙时，它们一起迁徙。当他们建造一个新的定居点时，他们一起做，并肩生活。这是民族共生的一个很好的例子。它们是西非的许多这样的例子。这就是不容易发生战争的秘诀。在西非，人们生活在口头社会中。他们谈论了很多关于自己的事情。口述艺术发达。他们说得很多，但他们的手不动。有那么有趣的辱骂和侮辱其他民族，但不要用暴力来对抗对方。他们试图避免暴力，可能是因为他们的智慧和经验。例如，当有人意外杀害某人时，他们会在仪式后支付血钱，而不是报仇。当地牧师、巫医或魔术师的角色对于解决这样的问题非常重要。较少

There are about one thousand ethnic groups living in West Africa. Although their languages and cultures are definitely different, they live side by side with other people in symbiosis. That is to say, they live in peace. They do not hide their identity, and live peacefully with other people. Compared to the complicity and the diversity of ethnic groups very few cases of ethnic conflict are reported. We then felt a great importance in the study of the reason why they do not cause conflicts.We then lived there and carried out a field research. According to the research, we ca say a few conclusive remarks. They know that there are differences in language and culture. Although most people have an ethnocentric mentality, that means, their culture and language is better than other peoples, they know the importance of other people as well. For example, certain people produce specialized things such as pots, iron, leather, wooden, mortars, etc. The non-Fulbe people needs Fulbe for they produce … More milk, and can take care of their cattle. Each group has its own speciality. They know each other's speciality. Thus, they know each other's importance.Most of the people have to live in the same area. They develop strong ties based on the locality. They speak the same regional tongue. They enjoy the same arts, and culture of the area. Thus, they have the sense of inhabitants of the same area. The longer they live together, the stronger their ties are. Sometimes they adopt each other's children ritually like the case of the Moba and the Fulbe of Northern Togo. Like the case of the Kanuri and the Fulbe in Borno, they build up a cross-cousin relationship. That means they have a joking relationship. The two ethnic groups cannot be separated from each other. When they migrate, they migrate together. When they built a new settlement they do it together, and live side by side. This is a good example of ethnic symbiosis. They are many examples of this kind in West Africa. This is the secret of not having wars among themselves easily.In West Africa people live in an oral society. They talk a lot about themselves. The oral arts are developed. They talk a lot, but they do not move their hands. There are so interesting abuses, and insults about other ethnic groups, but do not fight each other with violence. They try to avoid violence, probably due to their wisdom, and experience. For example, when someone kills someone accidentally, they payblood money after a ritual instead of revenging. The role of local priests, witch doctor, or magicians is very important to solve such a problem. Less