Synthetic studies on non-human primates in Borneo

许多大小不一的岛屿组成了热带国家印度尼西亚。在这些岛屿中，加里曼丹（婆罗洲）的面积是日本本州的三倍，是巽他地的中心。它为许多非人类灵长类动物，如猩猩、长臂猿、叶猴和猕猴提供了一个生活区域。京都大学灵长类动物研究所亚洲小组从1973年开始研究东南亚的非人类灵长类动物。然而，田野地区一直在这个巨大的岛屿之外。我们认为1996年的实地工作是一项初步研究，包括许多科学领域的研究人员。第一个小组由Takenaka、Mouri、Hirai和Suryobroto组成，收集了广泛地区长臂猿和猕猴的形态数据和血液样本。我们参观了邦卡兰布恩、巴利巴潘和班加马辛。这些样本超过80个，目前正在进行形态学检查、核型分析和线粒体DNA细胞色素b基因的核苷酸序列分析。第二个小组，松村试图在加里曼丹东部寻找合适的田地，发现吃蟹的猕猴（Macaca fascicularis）很容易找到，但长尾猕猴（m.n nemestrina）很难观察到。相比之下，叶猴、长鼻猴（Nasalis larvatus）和银尾猴（Trachypithecus cristatus）在靠近河流的森林中并不难找到。第三个小组，Fujita和Ueno研究了猕猴对味觉和嗅觉的偏好，并发现了一些物种对苦味和涩味的耐受性差异。他们还发现猕猴在不同条件下有选择性地使用工具。第四个人铃木继续从猩猩的社会性角度观察它们。基于这些初步结果，我们正在制定进一步的计划，研究加里曼丹的非人灵长类动物，并与其他岛屿进行比较。

Many islands of various size comprise the tropical country, Indonesia. Among those islands, Kalimantan (Borneo) is three times of Honshu of Japan in size and the center of Sunda Land. It provides a living area for many non-human primates such as orangutan, gibbons, leaf-monkeys and macaques. The Asian team of Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University has been studying non-human primates in Southeast Asia since 1973. However, the field areas have been outside of this huge island. We though the filed work of 1996 was a preliminary study and included researchers of many scientific fields.The first sub-team is consisted by Takenaka, Mouri, Hirai and Suryobroto, and collected morphological date and blood samples from gibbons and macaques of wide areas. We visited Pangkaran Bun, Balikpapan and Banjarmasin. The samples were over 80 heads and are now under analyzes of morphological examination, karyotypes and the nucleotide sequences of the cytochrome b gene of mitochondrial DNA.The second sub-team, Matsumura tried find out suitable fields in east Kalimantan and found out 1) crab-eating macaques (Macaca fascicularis) are easily accessible but pig-tailed macaques (M.nemestrina) are hard to observe. In contrast, Leaf-monkeys, probosis monkeys (Nasalis larvatus) and silver lutung (Trachypithecus cristatus) are not difficult to access in the forest near from rivers. The third sub-team, Fujita and Ueno examined the preference of macaques to the sense of taste and smell and found out some species difference in tolerance against bitterness and astringency. They also found a selective tool-use in macaques in different conditions. The fourth, Suzuki, continued observation of orangutan from the stand point of their sociality.Based on these preliminary results, we are making further plan for studying non-human primates in Kalimantan to compare with those of the other islands.