Synthetic studies on non-human primates in Borneo

热带国家印度尼西亚由许多大小不一的岛屿组成。在这些岛屿中，加里曼丹(婆罗洲)的面积是日本本州岛的三倍，是舜达岛的中心。它为许多非人类灵长类动物提供了生活区域，如猩猩、长臂猿、叶猴和猕猴。京都大学灵长类研究所的亚洲团队自1973年以来一直在东南亚研究非人类灵长类动物。然而，田野地区一直在这个巨大的岛屿之外。我们认为1996年的野外工作是一个初步的研究，包括了许多科学领域的研究人员。第一个小组由Takenaka，Mouri，Hirai和Suryobroto组成，收集了大范围的长臂猿和猕猴的形态数据和血液样本。我们参观了庞卡兰邦、巴里克帕潘和班加马辛。这些样本超过80个头部，目前正在进行形态检查、核型和线粒体DNA细胞色素b基因的核苷酸序列分析。第二个小组松村试图在加里曼丹东部寻找合适的领域，发现1)食蟹猕猴(Macaca Fascularis)很容易接触到，但猪尾猕猴(M.nomestrina)很难观察到。相比之下，在靠近河流的森林里，叶猴、Probosis猴(Nasalislarvatus)和银丝猴(Trachypithecus Criatus)并不难到达。第三个小组Fujita和Ueno研究了猕猴对味觉和嗅觉的偏好，并发现了一些物种在耐苦和抗涩方面的差异。他们还发现了一种选择性工具--在不同条件下对猕猴使用。第四，铃木，继续从社会性的角度观察猩猩。根据这些初步结果，我们正在制定进一步的计划，研究加里曼丹的非人类灵长类动物，以与其他岛屿的比较。

Many islands of various size comprise the tropical country, Indonesia. Among those islands, Kalimantan (Borneo) is three times of Honshu of Japan in size and the center of Sunda Land. It provides a living area for many non-human primates such as orangutan, gibbons, leaf-monkeys and macaques. The Asian team of Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University has been studying non-human primates in Southeast Asia since 1973. However, the field areas have been outside of this huge island. We though the filed work of 1996 was a preliminary study and included researchers of many scientific fields.The first sub-team is consisted by Takenaka, Mouri, Hirai and Suryobroto, and collected morphological date and blood samples from gibbons and macaques of wide areas. We visited Pangkaran Bun, Balikpapan and Banjarmasin. The samples were over 80 heads and are now under analyzes of morphological examination, karyotypes and the nucleotide sequences of the cytochrome b gene of mitochondrial DNA.The second sub-team, Matsumura tried find out suitable fields in east Kalimantan and found out 1) crab-eating macaques (Macaca fascicularis) are easily accessible but pig-tailed macaques (M.nemestrina) are hard to observe. In contrast, Leaf-monkeys, probosis monkeys (Nasalis larvatus) and silver lutung (Trachypithecus cristatus) are not difficult to access in the forest near from rivers. The third sub-team, Fujita and Ueno examined the preference of macaques to the sense of taste and smell and found out some species difference in tolerance against bitterness and astringency. They also found a selective tool-use in macaques in different conditions. The fourth, Suzuki, continued observation of orangutan from the stand point of their sociality.Based on these preliminary results, we are making further plan for studying non-human primates in Kalimantan to compare with those of the other islands.