EVOLUTION OF APES AND THE ORGIN OF HUMAN

我们花了五年时间才组成四支球队。生态学和社会学小组在坦桑尼亚的Mahale N.P.对黑猩猩进行了深入的研究，这是最重要的研究地点之一。该研究小组比较了几个地点的黑猩猩的行为，以阐明行为的地方差异，并建立文化的概念。该小组的一名成员通过比较猿类的行为提出了人类起源的假设。形态学和古灵长类学团队对圈养黑猩猩的发育进行了纵向和横向研究。该团队还在亚洲、泰国和缅甸发现了猿类和类人猿的新化石。大脑和认知小组研究了出生在我们研究所的两只长臂猿和三只黑猩猩的早期发育，京都大学灵长类研究所。利用磁共振成像技术，分析了大脑及其各部分的发育过程，并与人类的发育过程进行了比较。与猕猴相比，猕猴的身体发育快，但行为发育慢。分子和遗传学团队研究了非洲黑猩猩和gollira以及印度尼西亚红毛猩猩的局部分化，使用粪便，尿液和体毛等样本。该团队阐明了刚果民主共和国东部大猩猩的地方多样性，以分析线粒体DNA的核苷酸序列。这些结果已在2003年3月举行的专题讨论会上作了介绍。

We have stuied for five years to make four teams. The ecology and sociology team conducted intensive studies of chimpanzee in the Mahale N.P. in Tanzania that is one of the most important study sites. This team compared behavior of chimpanzee among several sites to elucidate local differentiation in behaviors and to establish the concept of culture. One member of the team proposed the hypothesis of the origin of the humanity by comparison of the behavior of apes. The morphology and paleoprimatology team conducted longitudinal and transversal studies on captive chimpanzee development. This team also discovered new fossils of apes and anthropoids in the Asia, Thailand and Myanmar. The brain and cognition team studied early development of two gibbons and three chimpanzees that were born in our institute, the Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University. Using MRI, development of brain and its parts has been analyzed, which will be compared with that of human. Body of gibbon developed faster than that of macaque, but behavior of gibbon more slowly. The molecular and genetics team studied the local differentiation of chimpanzees and golliras in Africa and orangutans in Indonesia, using samples such as feces, urine and body hairs. This team elucidated the local diversity of gorillas in eastern part of the Democratic Republic of Congo to analyze nucleotide sequences of mitochondrial DNA. These results were presented in the symposium held in March 2003.