Paternity Discrimination by DNA Polymorphism and Reproductive Strategy of Higher Non-human Primates

不同高级非人类灵长类物种的群体中的父子关系不能可靠地建立在行为基础上，因为它们的多雄性群体结构和混杂交配模式。本研究旨在通过DNA多态性分析以及在野生黑猩猩群体、圈养黑猩猩群体和日本猴类群体中的应用，建立亲子鉴定方法。从野生黑猩猩身上收集猎物是完全不可能的。聚合酶链式反应(PCR)技术可以扩增特定的高变量DNA片段。该技术适用于从体毛、面部和楔子中提取的部分降解DNA。对黑猩猩和日本猕猴基因组中含有GT/AC二核苷酸重复的DNA片段进行了筛选。根据二核苷酸重复序列两侧的核苷酸序列设计了一组用于聚合酶链式反应的引物。6套和3套引物分别成功地适用于黑猩猩和日本猕猴。在圈养的黑猩猩繁殖群体中对40只后代进行了亲子鉴定。结果表明：1)雄性等级与后代数量呈正相关，2)雌性比雄性选择交配伙伴。对几内亚东南部博索野生黑猩猩的分析显示，来自相邻种群的一只被确认为非居民成年黑猩猩的黑猩猩被怀疑是1986年至1987年出生的后代的父亲，尽管在四个后代中，有三个可能是他们的父亲。

Paternity in groups of various higher non-human primate species cannot be established reliably on behavioral grounds because of their multi-male group structure and promiscuous mating patterns. The present work aimed the establishment of paternity discrimination by analyses DNA polymorphism and application to wild and captive chimpanzee groups and Japanese monkey groups. Bood collection from wild chimpanzee is entirely impossible. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique can amplify specific hypervariable DNA segments. This technique is applicable to partially degraded DNA extracted from body hair, faces, and wedges.DNA segments containing GT/AC dinucleotide repeats in the chimpanzee and Japanese macaque genome were screened. The sets of primer for PCR were designed from the nucleotide sequences flanking the dinucleotide repeats. Six and three sets of primer were successfully applicable to chimpanzees and Japanese macaques, respectively. Paternity of 40 offspring were examined in a chimpanzee breeding colony in captivity. The results suggest 1) a positive (through not conclusive) correlation between the male rank and the number of offspring, and 2) the choice of mating partners by the female rather than by the male. The analyses in the wild chimpanzees at Bossou, south-eastern Guinea revealed an identified non-resident adult male from an adjacent group was suspected of being the father of a offspring born in 1986-1987, although in three offspring out of four, the resident adult male likely their father.