Temporal development of subjective health against the background of the increase in higher school-leaving qualifications - A gender- and age-group-differentiated analysis of structural, psychosocial and behavioral influencing factors from 1994 to 2019

人口健康的未来发展与卫生保健的发展和社会政策密切相关。鉴于人口老龄化和慢性退行性疾病的相关增加，预计医疗保健支出也将增加。另一方面，人口中高等教育毕业人数的增加以及工作和生活条件的改善以及与健康有关的行为的改善，可能促成了积极的健康趋势。然而，到目前为止，只有少数实证研究验证了这一假设。在此背景下，计划中的研究项目调查的影响，增加高等学校毕业资格的时间发展的自测健康和健康相关的生活质量在德国。该分析主要基于德国社会经济小组（GSEOEP）1994年至2019年的数据。此外，还使用了罗伯特·科赫研究所（GSTEL 03和GEDA）2003年至2019年的代表性数据。研究框架以结构、社会心理和行为因素为基础，这些因素已被确定为解释健康方面社会不平等的关键决定因素。该项目以30-49岁、50-64岁和65-79岁三个年龄组为重点，采用针对性别和年龄组的方法，探讨以下研究问题：1.提高学校教育水平对主观健康发展有哪些影响？2.随着时间的推移，健康方面的教育不平等是减少还是增加？3.健康方面的性别不平等如何随着时间的推移而演变？该项目旨在提供经验证据，说明未来医疗和预防保健需求将如何发展。该研究还提供了关于以前的措施在减少健康不平等方面取得了多大成功的见解，以及为了更接近健康平等的目标，未来需要做出哪些努力。除了说明之外，计划的项目还应通过审查教育扩展的重要性以及结构、社会心理和行为健康决定因素的相关变化，有助于解释健康趋势。对解释方法进行性别和生命阶段敏感的分析应有助于制定面向目标群体的健康促进和预防措施。

The future development of population health is highly relevant for the development of health care and for social policy. In view of the aging population and the associated rise of chronic degenerative diseases, also health care expenditures are expected to increase. On the other hand, the rise in higher school-leaving qualifications in the population and related improvements of working and living conditions as well as in health-related behaviors could have contributed to a positive health trend. However, only a few empirical studies have examined this assumption so far. Against this backdrop, the planned research project investigates the effects of the increase in higher school-leaving qualifications on the temporal development of self-rated health and health-related quality of life in Germany. The analysis is primarily based on data from the German Socio-Economic Panel (GSEOEP) covering the years 1994 to 2019. In addition, representative data from the Robert Koch Institute (GSTEL03 and GEDA) for the years 2003 to 2019 are used. The research framework is based on structural, psychosocial and behavioral factors that have been identified as key determinants in the explanation of social inequalities in health. Building on a gender- and age-cohort-specific approach that focuses on the three age groups 30-49, 50-64 and 65-79 years, the project examines the following research questions: 1. What are the effects of rising school education on the development of subjective health? 2. Do educational inequalities in health decrease or increase over time? 3. How do gender inequalities in health evolve over time? The project aims to provide empirical evidence on the question of how medical and preventive health care needs will develop in the future. The study also provides insights into how successful previous measures have been to reduce health inequalities and what efforts are necessary in the future in order to come closer to the goal of health equality. Beyond the description, the planned project shall contribute to the explanation of health trends by examining the importance of educational expansion and associated changes in structural, psychosocial and behavioral health determinants. Gender- and life-phase-sensitive analyses of the explanatory approaches should contribute to developing target group-oriented health promotion and prevention measures.