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A History of Basic Concepts in Public Administration and their Reconstructie

公共行政基本概念史及其重构

基本信息

批准号：
08302006
负责人：
MORITA Akira
金额：
$ 4.42万
依托单位：
The University of Tokyo
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)
财政年份：
1996
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1996 至 1998
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

Basic concepts in public administration were conceptualized in the U.S.A in the 1920's. There were two dogmas assumed in these conceptualizations. The first dogma was that public administration was an autonomous arena separated from politics and society. The second dogma was that there was a best way to manage public administration. Under these assumption, financial management and human resource management were focused to verify these dogmas.After the 1940's, as the administrative state was expanding, the interaction between public administration and society was explored. The dogma that public administration was an autonomous system was no more sustained. The focus of public administration in this period was on the decision making structure of public administration incorporated in the wider social context. "Decision-making", "planning", and "coordination" were basic units that consisted public administration system. Adding to them, the relationship between public administration system and other one was explored. "Intergovernmental relationship" was a popular topic in this period.In the 1960's the focus of public administration was moved from the input side to output side that affected social functions through several policy tools. Studies on policy tools, informational activities, and policy evaluation were main topics in this period.As described above, the focus of public administration has changed from institutional units to functional units. "The New Public Management" movement accelerated this momentum. Against this trend of deconstruction, scholars of public administration try to maintain the integrity of discipline. "Administrative responsibility" is a revived topic to serve this integrity.

公共管理的基本概念在20世纪20年代的美国被概念化，S在这些概念化中假定了两个教条。第一个教条是，公共行政是一个独立于政治和社会的自治领域。第二个教条是，有一种管理公共行政的最佳方式。在这些假设下，财务管理和人力资源管理被重点验证。20世纪40年代的S之后，随着行政国家的扩张，公共行政与社会的互动得到了探索。认为公共行政是一个自治系统的教条已不复存在。这一时期公共行政的重点是纳入更广泛社会背景的公共行政决策结构。“决策”、“规划”、“协调”是构成公共行政系统的基本单元。此外，还探讨了公共管理体制与其他公共管理体制的关系。“政府间关系”是这一时期的热门话题。20世纪60年代的S将公共管理的重点从投入侧转移到产出侧，通过几种政策工具影响社会职能。研究政策工具、信息活动和政策评估是这一时期的主要议题。如上所述，公共行政的重点已经从机构单位转向职能单位。“新公共管理”运动加速了这一势头。面对这种解构的趋势，公共行政学者试图维护学科的完整性。“行政责任”是为实现这一诚信而重新提出的话题。