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Development of phase contrast x-ray imaging system

相衬X射线成像系统的研制

基本信息

批准号：
08407024
负责人：
ITAI Yuji
金额：
$ 24.96万
依托单位：
Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tsukuba
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)
财政年份：
1996
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1996 至 1998
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-08407024/
关键词：
Phase-contrast x-ray Large interferometer Computed tomography Silicon monochromator diagnostic radiology biological object Projection radiogram Phase contrast x-ray Large object imaging CCD detector Simonochromator large object imagi

项目摘要

Phase-contrast x-ray imaging generated by the differences in refractive indices has great potential to reveal the structures inside soft tissues because about 1000 times higher sensitivity is obtained with this method compared to the conventional method depending on the differences of x-ray absorption.Then the development of phase-contrast x-ray imaging system has performed to understand what was revealed in the human pathological specimens. Human cancer cells such as colon cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma and breast cancer had low refractive index ddelta compared to normal liver tissue. Fat tissue had very low ddelta less than that of water. Fibrotic tissues had relatively high ddelta in these pathological specimens. Necrosis had high ddelta.However in the present phase-contrast x-ray imaging, the view size of the object was limited to 5 mm x 5 mm due to the small size of the x-ray interferometer. To increase the field of view to image large samples, the triple Laue-case large x-ray interferometer was cut out of a 10-cm in diameter highly perfect single-crystal silicon ingot. In this non-separated type of large interferometer, the expected field of view with 30 mm x 25 mm was obtained. Visibility of this interferometer was sufficient to obtain the phase-contrast x-ray imaging and excellent quality of projection image was obtained.Using the phase-contrast x-ray imaging, the inner structures of biological specimens can differentiated without an contrast agents. In addition, the ddelta changes among tissues were differentiated clearly. As the largest interferometer in the world was manufactured, we can obtain the phase-contrast x-ray imaging of large object (about 30 mm).

由折射率差异产生的相衬X射线成像具有揭示软组织内部结构的巨大潜力，因为根据X射线吸收的差异，与传统方法相比，该方法的灵敏度大约高出1000倍。随后相衬X射线成像系统的开发已用于了解人体病理标本中所揭示的内容。与正常肝组织相比，结肠癌、肝细胞癌和乳腺癌等人类癌细胞的折射率 ddelta 较低。脂肪组织的 ddelta 非常低，低于水的 ddelta。这些病理标本中的纤维化组织具有相对较高的 ddelta。坏死具有较高的ddelta。然而，在目前的相衬X射线成像中，由于X射线干涉仪的尺寸较小，物体的视野尺寸被限制在5mm×5mm。为了增加大样品成像的视野，三重劳厄箱大型 X 射线干涉仪是从直径 10 厘米的高度完美的单晶硅锭上切下来的。在这种非分离式大型干涉仪中，获得了 30 mm x 25 mm 的预期视场。该干涉仪的能见度足以获得相衬X射线成像，并且获得了优异的投影图像质量。利用相衬X射线成像，可以在不使用造影剂的情况下区分生物样本的内部结构。此外，组织之间的ddelta变化也有明显的差异。随着世界上最大的干涉仪的制造，我们可以获得大型物体（约30毫米）的相衬X射线成像。