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Molecular biological studies on factors which affect formation and sustainability of forest

影响森林形成和可持续性因素的分子生物学研究

基本信息

批准号：
08408022
负责人：
AZUMA Jun-ichi
金额：
$ 19.14万
依托单位：
KYOTO UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)
财政年份：
1996
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1996 至 1998
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-08408022/
关键词：
formation of forest sustainability molecular biology factors of sustainability formation forest

项目摘要

Accumulation, maintaining and recycling of organic matter and nutrients were very important for bio-diversity in a plant-degrader-soil system. Factors for achievement of formation and sustainability of forest are, however, not fully characterized especially in points of biochemical and molecular biological aspects. During the research works financially supported by this Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research, biochemical and molecular biological studies on interacting factors which operate in a plant-soil-water system on earth have been initiated.The abstract of the results given by this research work is summarized below.1) On account of biosynthesis and biodegradation of plant cell-wall constituents which are the major subject for recycling of biomass, mechanisms which operate in the biosynthesis and biodegradation of cellulose were analyzed.2) Salt and quality of water markedly affects the growth of plants in land of earth. Both qualitative and quantitative analyses of micro mineral el … More ements in water and plants in some desert regions.3) Differences in recycling systems of organic matter in forest eco-systems among tropical, temperate and frigid regions on earth have been clarified.4) Movement of gasses, water, nutrients and mineral elements in fields of forest, desert and water-front have been analyzed.5) The effects of plant volatiles on predatory insects have been analyzed in relation to the plant-predator-natural enemy system. In addition, genetic detection of enzyme variation among spider mites has been applied to characterize distribution profile of predatory insects in the different climate regions of Japan.6) Because of importance of root-fungi for growth of woody plants especially in a tropical forest, inter- actions between plants and fungi have been analyzed in addition to genetic phylogeny analysis of fungi.7) Functions of soil and soil organisms in the process of growth of woody plants have been analyzed.The most important result was in that the good interactions between different organisms including plants, animals, insects and microorganisms together with good interactions between soil and woody plants were premise for maintaining and creating forest. These interactions may affect enzyme activities and genetic diversity. Less

在植物-降解物-土壤系统中，有机质和养分的积累、维持和循环对生物多样性具有重要意义。然而，实现森林形成和可持续性的因素，特别是在生物化学和分子生物学方面的特点并不充分。在科学研究资助金资助的研究工作中，对地球上植物-土壤-水系统中相互作用的因素进行了生物化学和分子生物学研究。这项研究工作的结果摘要如下：1）由于植物细胞壁成分的生物合成和生物降解是生物质再循环的主要课题，2）盐分和水质对陆地植物生长有显著影响。微量矿物元素的定性和定量分析 ...更多信息阐明了热带、温带和寒带森林生态系统有机质循环系统的差异; 4）森林田间气体、水分、养分和矿质元素的运动，5）分析了植物挥发物对捕食性昆虫的影响，并与植物-捕食性昆虫的关系进行了探讨。天敌系统此外，叶螨中酶变异的遗传检测已被应用于描述日本不同气候区捕食性昆虫的分布概况。6）由于根真菌对木本植物生长的重要性，特别是在热带森林中，除了真菌的遗传系统发生学分析外，还分析了植物和真菌之间的相互作用。分析了土壤和土壤生物在木本植物生长过程中的作用，认为植物、动物、昆虫、微生物等不同生物之间的良好相互作用以及土壤与木本植物之间的良好相互作用是维持和创造森林的前提。这些相互作用可能会影响酶的活性和遗传多样性。少