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Urban Economic Analysis on Tokyo Monopolar System

东京单极系统的城市经济分析

基本信息

批准号：
08453004
负责人：
TABUCHI Takatoshi
金额：
$ 2.88万
依托单位：
The University of Tokyo
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
1996
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1996 至 1998
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

The focus of this research is to clarify the economic roles of urban agglomeration by econometrically measuring economic benefits and costs due to urban agglomeration. In the production side, urban agglomeration enhances the productivity of firms. In the consumption side, however, both agglomeration economies and diseconomies exist. The former, called economies of varieties, are derived from the fact that consumers can choose from a variety of differentiated goods, services, and job types. The latter are congestion such as insufficient housing and long distance commuting. We conducted quantitative analysis by using Japanese city-based data to see whether the former dominate the latter or not.We found that the agglomeration economies dominate the agglomeration diseconomies both in production and in consumption. We also found that the agglomeration economies in production side push up the nominal wages while the agglomeration economies in consumption side push down the real wages. It is often considered that the Tokyo Monopolar System is negative for households. However, our results show that it is positive because the economies of varieties increase the utility level of households.We used various kinds of amenities and environmental variables so as to control the impacts of urban environments. As byproducts, we had city-based data of amenities and environmental variables, which would help our future research on urban economics.

本研究的重点是通过对城市群的经济效益和经济成本进行计量，明确城市群的经济作用。在生产方面，城市群提高了企业的生产率。然而，在消费方面，既存在聚集经济，也存在不经济。前者被称为多样性经济，是因为消费者可以从各种不同的商品、服务和工作类型中进行选择。后者是拥挤，如住房不足和长途通勤。我们使用日本的城市数据进行了定量分析，考察了集聚经济对集聚不经济的影响，发现无论是生产还是消费，集聚经济都对集聚不经济起主导作用。生产侧的集聚效应推高了名义工资，消费侧的集聚效应推低了真实的工资。人们通常认为东京单极系统对家庭不利。然而，我们的研究结果表明，这是积极的，因为经济的品种提高了家庭的效用水平。我们使用各种设施和环境变量，以控制城市环境的影响。作为副产品，我们有了基于城市的设施和环境变量数据，这将有助于我们未来对城市经济学的研究。