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Microscopic measurement of internal rate of return in manufacturing industries and comparative analysis on its determinants and competitiveness : 1955-1995

制造业内部收益率的微观测算及其决定因素和竞争力的比较分析：1955-1995年

基本信息

批准号：
08453016
负责人：
WATANABE Chihiro
金额：
$ 4.29万
依托单位：
TOKYO INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
1996
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1996 至 1998
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-08453016/
关键词：
Techno-Economics Technology Management Competitiveness テクノ・メタボリズム DEA 内部収益率

项目摘要

In this study, the internal rate of return of R&D in Japanese manufacturing industry from 1955 to 1995 was measured. And further analysis on the relationship between its determinants and competitiveness was made. The results are described below.(1) The internal rate of return of R&D in Japan is on the long-term downturn trend. Until 70s, Japan had a relatively higher level of internal rate of return of R&D than other countries, but in recent years, it has a relatively lower level.(2) The marginal productivity of technology and internal rate of return of R&D are closely related to not only their own R&D effort but their assimilation capacity of technological spillover.(3) The marginal productivity of assimilation capacity of technological spillover is dependent on the quality of labor force.(4) The quality of labor force is influenced by 1) the development of informatization, 2) the change to the aging society, 3) the country specific institutional systems.(5) The situations of 1) and 2) are common among all advanced countries. The US reconstructed its institutional systems to cancel the relatively weak points to Japan (ex. JIT, TQC etc.), while Japan couldn't reconstruct its systems. As the result, the assimilation capacity of technological spillover in Japan has weakened relatively.(6) The environment described above system described above makes the strong impacts on the recent international structure of competitiveness.

本文对1955 ~ 1995年日本制造业R&D的内部收益率进行了测度。并进一步分析了其决定因素与竞争力的关系。结果如下所示。(1)日本R&D内部收益率长期呈下降趋势。直到70年代，日本的R&D内部收益率水平相对高于其他国家，但近年来，日本的R&D内部收益率水平相对较低。(2)技术边际生产率和R&D内部收益率不仅与企业自身的R&D投入密切相关，而且与企业对技术溢出的吸收能力密切相关。(3)技术溢出吸收能力的边际生产率依赖于劳动力素质。(4)劳动力素质受以下因素的影响：1)信息化的发展，2)老龄化社会的变化，3)国家特定的制度制度。(5)(1)和(2)的情况在所有发达国家都很普遍。美国对其制度体系进行了重构，弥补了相对于日本的薄弱环节（如JIT、TQC等），而日本无法对其制度进行重构。因此，日本对技术溢出的吸收能力相对减弱。(6)上述系统所描述的环境对近期国际竞争力结构产生了强烈的影响。